Nokea
Proteins are absorbed primarily in the form of:
- A. fatty acids.
- B. disaccharides.
- C. amino acids.
- D. polypeptides.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: amino acids. Proteins are broken down by digestive enzymes into amino acids before being absorbed in the small intestine. Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins and are the form in which they are primarily absorbed. Choice A (fatty acids) is incorrect as fatty acids are the end products of fat digestion, not protein digestion. Choice B (disaccharides) is incorrect because disaccharides are sugars that are broken down into monosaccharides, not proteins. Choice D (polypeptides) is incorrect as proteins are broken down into amino acids and not absorbed as polypeptides.
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How can cholesterol absorption be decreased?
- A. Vitamin K.
- B. Plant sterols.
- C. Trans fats.
- D. Phospholipids.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Plant sterols. Plant sterols can reduce cholesterol absorption by competing with cholesterol for absorption sites. Vitamin K, choice A, does not have a significant impact on cholesterol absorption. Trans fats, choice C, are known to increase cholesterol levels rather than decrease absorption. Phospholipids, choice D, play a role in cell structure and are not directly involved in reducing cholesterol absorption.
What are oligosaccharides composed of?
- A. 3 to 10 monosaccharide units.
- B. large portions of partially digested starch.
- C. nonnutritive sweeteners.
- D. used for weight management.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Oligosaccharides are carbohydrates composed of 3 to 10 monosaccharide units, making choice A the correct answer. Choice B is incorrect as oligosaccharides do not contain partially digested starch. Choice C is incorrect as nonnutritive sweeteners are a different category of compounds. Choice D is incorrect as oligosaccharides are not primarily used for weight management.
Infections are common in people who have inadequate protein intake because of an insufficient quantity of:
- A. insulin.
- B. lipoprotein.
- C. antibodies.
- D. albumin.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Inadequate protein intake can lead to a decrease in antibody production, making individuals more susceptible to infections. Insulin (Choice A) is a hormone involved in regulating blood sugar levels, not related to protein intake. Lipoprotein (Choice B) is a type of lipid-protein complex involved in lipid transport, not directly related to antibody production. Albumin (Choice D) is a protein that helps maintain oncotic pressure and carries various substances in the blood, but it is not primarily responsible for fighting infections like antibodies.
A vegetarian diet that includes dairy foods and eggs is known as:
- A. lactovegetarian.
- B. vegan.
- C. semi-vegetarian.
- D. ovolactovegetarian.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct term for a vegetarian diet that includes both dairy foods and eggs is 'ovolactovegetarian.' This term specifically indicates the inclusion of eggs ('ovo') and dairy ('lacto') in the diet. Choice A, 'lactovegetarian,' is incorrect because it only includes dairy products without eggs. Choice B, 'vegan,' is incorrect as it excludes all animal products, including dairy and eggs. Choice C, 'semi-vegetarian,' is incorrect as it is a term used for individuals who occasionally eat meat, poultry, or fish but primarily follow a plant-based diet.
What are dextrins?
- A. Polysaccharides.
- B. End products of starch digestion.
- C. Formed in the liver.
- D. Rapidly excreted.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.