Nokea
Pubiotomy is
- A. Access to the lower uterine segment by dissection of tissues around the peritoneum
- B. A surgical procedure in which the cartilage of the pubic symphysis is divided
- C. Ligating of the pubic bones in case they are invaded by cancerous cells
- D. Dissection of the perineal tissues to hasten the perineal phase of labor
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: A surgical procedure in which the cartilage of the pubic symphysis is divided. Pubiotomy involves cutting the pubic symphysis cartilage to widen the pelvic outlet during difficult childbirth. This procedure helps facilitate labor by increasing the pelvic diameter. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because they do not accurately describe pubiotomy. Choice A refers to accessing the lower uterine segment, choice C involves ligating pubic bones for cancer, and choice D pertains to perineal tissue dissection during labor, which are unrelated to pubiotomy.
You may also like to solve these questions
A condition of trial of scar is
- A. Estimated fetal weight of less than 3600g
- B. Availability of a level one hospital nearby
- C. Not more than two previous caesarean section scars
- D. An adequate pelvis with true conjugate 10.5cm
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Not more than two previous caesarean section scars. This is because a trial of scar refers to a trial of labor in a woman who has had previous cesarean sections. The guideline typically recommends that a trial of scar should be considered in women with no more than two previous cesarean section scars to reduce the risk of uterine rupture. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because the estimated fetal weight, availability of a level one hospital, and pelvis size are not specific criteria used to determine eligibility for a trial of scar.
Some of the neonatal complications of eclampsia are:
- A. Cerebral haemorrhage and pneumonia
- B. Severe asphyxia and prematurity
- C. Fractures and soft tissue trauma
- D. Respiratory distress and hypoglycaemia
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Severe asphyxia and prematurity. In eclampsia, maternal hypertension can lead to placental insufficiency, reducing oxygen and nutrient supply to the fetus, resulting in severe asphyxia and premature birth. This is due to the high risk of placental abruption and intrauterine growth restriction. Other choices are incorrect because cerebral hemorrhage and pneumonia (choice A) are not commonly associated with neonatal complications of eclampsia. Fractures and soft tissue trauma (choice C) are not typical complications of eclampsia in neonates. Respiratory distress and hypoglycemia (choice D) are more commonly seen in neonates born to mothers with gestational diabetes, not eclampsia.
Neonate born of a diabetic mother is fed within the first 15 minutes to prevent
- A. Hypocalcaemia
- B. Hypoglycaemia
- C. Hyponatraemia
- D. Hypokalaemia
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Hypoglycaemia. Neonates born to diabetic mothers are at risk of hypoglycaemia due to high insulin levels in utero. Feeding the newborn within the first 15 minutes helps maintain blood glucose levels. Hypocalcaemia, hyponatraemia, and hypokalaemia are not typically immediate concerns in neonates born to diabetic mothers.
Three (3) types of breech presentation:
- A. Frank breech, complete breech, footling breech
- B. Head-down, bottom-down, transverse
- C. Breech, vertex, and compound
- D. Frank, compound, and transverse
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Frank breech, complete breech, footling breech. In a frank breech presentation, the baby's buttocks are aimed at the birth canal with legs flexed at the hips and extended at the knees. In a complete breech presentation, the baby's buttocks are aimed at the birth canal with legs flexed at the hips and knees. In a footling breech presentation, one or both of the baby's feet are positioned to come out first. These are the three main types of breech presentations. Choices B, C, and D do not accurately describe the different types of breech presentations, making them incorrect.
The AGACNP is covering an internal medicine service and is paged by staff to see a patient who has just pulled out his ET tube. After the situation has been assessed, it is clear that the patient will go into respiratory failure and likely die if he is not reintubated. The patient is awake and alert and is adamant that he does not want to be reintubated. The AGACNP is concerned that there is not enough time to establish a DNRthe patient needs to be reintubated immediately and already is becoming obtunded. Which ethical principles are in conflict here?
- A. Veracity and beneficence
- B. Beneficence and nonmalfeasance
- C. Autonomy and beneficence
- D. Justice and autonomy
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Veracity and beneficence. Veracity refers to truthfulness, and the AGACNP is facing a conflict between being honest with the patient about the need for reintubation (veracity) and providing beneficence by ensuring the patient receives necessary medical care to prevent harm. The patient's autonomy and right to make decisions are not directly in conflict since the patient is conscious, and autonomy is respected by honoring the patient's wishes. Justice is also not in conflict here as it does not pertain to the immediate ethical dilemma of reintubation. Autonomy and beneficence are not in direct conflict as the patient's autonomy is being respected by allowing them to make an informed decision. Nonmalfeasance is not directly applicable in this scenario.