Nokea
Rate and depth of respiration shall increase when
- A. Oxygen concentration increases
- B. CO2 concentration increases
- C. Bicarbonate concentration increases
- D. Bicarbonate concentration decrease
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: CO2 concentration increases. When CO2 levels rise in the blood, it leads to an increase in the acidity of the blood, triggering the respiratory centers in the brain to increase the rate and depth of respiration in order to expel excess CO2 and restore the pH balance.
Explanation for other choices:
A: Oxygen concentration increases - An increase in oxygen concentration does not directly stimulate an increase in respiration rate or depth. The respiratory drive is primarily regulated by CO2 levels.
C: Bicarbonate concentration increases - While bicarbonate is involved in the acid-base balance in the body, it does not directly influence the rate and depth of respiration.
D: Bicarbonate concentration decreases - A decrease in bicarbonate concentration may affect acid-base balance, but it does not have a direct effect on respiratory rate and depth.
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A 64-year-old female is admitted to the hospital. She has smoked two packs per day for 30 years. While providing her history, she becomes dyspneic and appears very anxious. She has a cough with thick white sputum production. Her chest is barrel shaped. Based on these data, the nurse will need to develop a plan of care for a client with?
- A. Pneumonia.
- B. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
- C. Tuberculosis.
- D. Asthma.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The patient's smoking history, dyspnea, anxiety, chronic cough with sputum production, and barrel-shaped chest are indicative of COPD. Smoking is the primary cause of COPD, leading to airway inflammation and airflow limitation. The dyspnea, cough, and sputum production are common symptoms of COPD due to air trapping and mucus hypersecretion. The barrel-shaped chest is a sign of hyperinflation of the lungs seen in COPD patients. Pneumonia (A) typically presents with symptoms like fever and productive cough, not necessarily dyspnea and barrel chest. Tuberculosis (C) commonly presents with weight loss, night sweats, and hemoptysis, not the symptoms described. Asthma (D) often presents with wheezing, chest tightness, and reversible airflow obstruction, not the chronic symptoms described in this case.
An increase in the level of carbon dioxide in the blood will result in a(n):
- A. decrease in the rate of breathing.
- B. increase of the respiratory rate.
- C. decrease of pulmonary ventilation.
- D. decrease of the alveolar ventilation rate.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: an increase of the respiratory rate. When carbon dioxide levels rise in the blood, it triggers the body to increase the rate of breathing to eliminate excess carbon dioxide through exhalation. This is known as the respiratory drive, controlled by the respiratory centers in the brainstem. Increasing the respiratory rate helps to restore the balance of gases in the blood.
Incorrect Choices:
A: Decrease in the rate of breathing - This is incorrect because high levels of carbon dioxide would stimulate an increase in breathing rate, not a decrease.
C: Decrease of pulmonary ventilation - This is incorrect as an increase in carbon dioxide would typically lead to an increase, not a decrease, in pulmonary ventilation.
D: Decrease of the alveolar ventilation rate - This is incorrect because an increase in carbon dioxide would prompt an increase in alveolar ventilation to remove excess carbon dioxide from the blood.
which component of pharynx received the Eustachian tube
- A. oropharynx
- B. laryngopharynx
- C. Nasopharynx
- D. none of these
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Nasopharynx. The Eustachian tube connects the middle ear to the nasopharynx, allowing for pressure equalization. The oropharynx (A) and laryngopharynx (B) do not directly receive the Eustachian tube. Choice D is incorrect as the Eustachian tube does connect to a specific part of the pharynx.
What is the best action for the nurse to do?
- A. a. Leave the patient alone to rest in a quiet, calm environment.
- B. b. Stay with the patient and encourage slow, pursed lip breathing.
- C. c. Reassure the patient that the attack can be controlled with treatment.
- D. Let the patient know that frequent monitoring is being done using measurement of vital signs and SpO. 2
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The best action for the nurse to do is to stay with the patient and encourage slow, pursed lip breathing. This helps the patient focus on their breathing and can help alleviate the asthma attack symptoms.
The nurse is caring for a 30-year-old American Indian female who is taking Rifater, a drug
containing rifampin, isoniazid, and pyrazinamide. The patient asks how long she will have to
take the medication. Which response explains when the patient may discontinue the
medication?
- A. When the sputum culture comes back negative.
- B. When the medication has been taken for 9 months
- C. When three consecutive sputum cultures are negative
- D. When the tuberculin skin test (TST) is no longer positive
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: When three consecutive sputum cultures are negative. This indicates successful treatment completion and eradication of the tuberculosis infection. A negative sputum culture confirms that the patient is no longer infectious and can safely discontinue the medication.
Choice A is incorrect because a single negative sputum culture does not guarantee complete eradication of the infection. Choice B is incorrect as the standard treatment duration for tuberculosis is typically 6-9 months, but discontinuation should be based on sputum culture results. Choice D is incorrect as the TST can remain positive even after successful treatment, as it reflects exposure to the tuberculosis bacteria, not active infection status.