Nokea
Regarding PID
- A. Trichomonas and Gardnerella are commonest organisms
- B. Associated with irregular menstruation
- C. Absence of fever and cervical excitation excludes diagnosis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: PID chlamydia, gonorrhea lead, irregular menses tie, fever and motion can hide. Nurses link this chronic pelvic thread.
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The nurse administers an IV vesicant chemotherapeutic agent to a patient. Which action is most important for the nurse to take?
- A. Infuse the medication over a short period of time.
- B. Stop the infusion if swelling is observed at the site.
- C. Administer the chemotherapy through a small-bore catheter.
- D. Hold the medication unless a central venous line is available.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Vesicants (e.g., vincristine) burn tissue if they leak swelling at the site yells extravasation; stopping the IV stat limits necrosis. Fast infusion ups vein stress; small-bore risks rupture running IVs dilute it. Central lines are gold but not mandatory. Nurses in oncology prioritize this catching leaks early saves skin, a critical save in chemo land.
An oncology nurse is caring for a patient who has developed erythema following radiation therapy. What should the nurse instruct the patient to do?
- A. Periodically apply ice to the area
- B. Keep the area cleanly shaven
- C. Apply petroleum jelly to the affected area
- D. Avoid using soap on the treatment area
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Radiation erythema red, raw skin needs gentle care to dodge worsening. Soap dries and irritates, stripping fragile skin and upping infection risk, so skipping it's key. Ice or heat can burn or blister radiated tissue, already thin and sensitive. Shaving scrapes it raw; petroleum jelly traps moisture, breeding bacteria. Nurses teach this to protect the site, pushing mild cleansers (if needed) and air exposure, standard in oncology to heal radiation burns without sparking new problems.
Mr Tan, a 50-year-old with hypertension, sees you for routine review. He reports three gout flares in the past two months relieved with three days of Arcoxia 120 mg OM for each episode. You perform some blood tests, which returns the following results: Creatinine 95 umol/L, eGFR >90 mL/min, Uric acid 460 mmol/L, HbA1c 5.4%, Random hypo-count 7.5 mmol/L. He is currently on Amlodipine 10 mg OM. He does not drink alcohol except one glass of wine once or twice a year on special occasions. His BMI is 20.5 kg/m². Which is the most appropriate next step?
- A. Prescribe NSAIDs standby for gout flare
- B. Offer dietary advice and advise regular exercise only
- C. Prescribe prednisolone standby for gout flare
- D. Discuss urate lowering therapy as he has had >2 gout flares in the past year, ideally with colchicine prophylaxis
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Three gout flares in two months with uric acid 460 mmol/L (hyperuricemia) indicate frequent attacks warranting urate-lowering therapy (ULT) like allopurinol, per guidelines (e.g., ACR), especially with >2 flares yearly. Colchicine prophylaxis reduces flare risk during ULT initiation. NSAIDs or prednisolone treat acute flares but don't address recurrence. Diet/exercise alone won't suffice with this frequency and uric acid level. ULT discussion aligns with chronic gout management to prevent joint damage, critical for family physicians.
The suture material which poses the highest risk of infection is
- A. Vicryl
- B. Chromic gut
- C. Silk
- D. Prolene
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Silk braided, bacteria's nest tops infection risk, not Vicryl, gut's absorb, or slick Prolene, nylon. Nurses stitch this chronic trap warily.
Which of the following is a treatment option for a client with infective endocarditis?
- A. Bedrest
- B. Antimicrobials
- C. Diet modification
- D. Antihypertensive
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Infective endocarditis bacterial valve infection needs antimicrobials to kill pathogens like *Streptococcus*, the root cause, halting damage and sepsis. Bedrest aids recovery but doesn't treat. Diet tweaks support health, not infection. Antihypertensives manage pressure, irrelevant to endocarditis's microbial core. Nurses anticipate antibiotics, often IV for weeks, targeting the source, a priority to save valves and lives in this high-mortality condition, aligning with infectious disease protocols.