Nokea
Regarding UTI's will not increase your risk of developing one?
- A. Pregnancy
- B. Diabetes mellitus
- C. Being female
- D. Catheterization
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Being female. Being female does not increase the risk of developing a UTI. UTIs are more common in females due to shorter urethras. Pregnancy (A) can increase UTI risk due to hormonal changes. Diabetes mellitus (B) can affect the immune system, leading to higher UTI susceptibility. Catheterization (D) introduces bacteria into the urinary tract, significantly increasing the risk of UTIs. Overall, being female alone does not directly increase the risk of UTIs compared to the other factors mentioned.
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A 5 year old child has been brought with intestinal obstruction due to clumping of roundworms. Which of the following anthelmintic which administered by orogastric tube can relax the balls of ascaris and relieve the obstruction?
- A. Levamisole
- B. Mebendazole
- C. Pyrantel pamoate
- D. Piperazine
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Piperazine. Piperazine is a paralytic agent that causes relaxation of the muscles of the roundworm (Ascaris), allowing it to be easily expelled from the intestine. By administering piperazine via orogastric tube, the clumped roundworms causing intestinal obstruction can be relaxed, relieving the obstruction. Levamisole, Mebendazole, and Pyrantel pamoate are not effective in relaxing the muscles of the roundworms, making them incorrect choices for this specific scenario.
The mother of an 8-year-old girl has brought her child to the clinic because she is wetting the bed at night. What terminology should the nurse use when documenting this situation?
- A. Ascites
- B. Dysuria
- C. Enuresis
- D. Urgency
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct terminology for bedwetting in an 8-year-old is enuresis. Enuresis specifically refers to the involuntary discharge of urine during sleep at an age where bladder control is expected. This term is appropriate for the child's situation as it accurately describes the bedwetting issue. Ascites (A) refers to abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen, not related to bedwetting. Dysuria (B) is painful urination, which is not the issue described. Urgency (D) refers to a sudden compelling need to urinate, which is also not relevant to this scenario. Using the correct term, enuresis, will ensure accurate documentation and communication regarding the child's bedwetting issue.
The following tetracycline has the potential to cause vestibular toxicity: *
- A. Doxycline
- B. Oxytetracycline
- C. Minocycline
- D. Demeclocycline
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C, Minocycline. Minocycline has a higher potential for vestibular toxicity compared to other tetracyclines due to its greater lipid solubility, leading to increased penetration of the blood-brain barrier and inner ear. This can result in dizziness, vertigo, and imbalance.
Choice A, Doxycycline, is less likely to cause vestibular toxicity since it has lower lipid solubility and reduced penetration into the inner ear. Choice B, Oxytetracycline, and Choice D, Demeclocycline, also have lower potential for vestibular toxicity compared to Minocycline due to similar reasons. Overall, Minocycline stands out as the correct answer due to its unique pharmacokinetic properties that predispose it to vestibular toxicity.
A 70 year old man has severe urinary hesitancy associated with BPH. He has tried alpha blockers with little effect. His physician recommends a drug that blocks 5α-reductase in the prostate which is:
- A. Leuprolide
- B. Finasteride
- C. Flutamide
- D. Ketoconazole
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Finasteride. Finasteride is a 5α-reductase inhibitor that reduces the conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone in the prostate, thereby shrinking the prostate gland and improving urinary symptoms in BPH. Leuprolide (A) is a GnRH agonist used in prostate cancer, not BPH. Flutamide (C) is an antiandrogen used in prostate cancer. Ketoconazole (D) is an antifungal drug and not indicated for BPH.
If necessary, your physician can increase your dose up to 40 mg per day.
- A. TRUE
- B. FALSE
- C. Maybe
- D. Not mentioned
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step 1: The statement indicates the possibility of increasing the dose up to 40 mg, implying that it is within the physician's discretion.
Step 2: The use of the word "can" suggests the potential for the physician to make such an adjustment.
Step 3: The phrase "if necessary" implies that the dose adjustment will be based on the individual's specific needs.
Step 4: Therefore, it is true that the physician has the authority to increase the dose up to 40 mg per day based on the patient's condition and requirements.