Nokea
Residual volume of the lung is
- A. 1200 ml
- B. 1500 ml
- C. 4500 ml
- D. 500 ml
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: 1200 ml. Residual volume is the amount of air left in the lungs after maximum expiration. It is around 1200 ml because it cannot be exhaled due to lung elasticity. Choice B (1500 ml) is incorrect as it is higher than the normal range. Choice C (4500 ml) is incorrect as it is too high for residual volume. Choice D (500 ml) is incorrect as it is too low for residual volume.
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The medical nurse who works on a pulmonology unit is aware that several respiratory conditions can affect lung tissue compliance. The presence of what condition would lead to an increase in lung compliance?
- A. Emphysema
- B. Pulmonary fibrosis
- C. Pleural effusion
- D. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Emphysema. Emphysema leads to an increase in lung compliance due to the destruction of alveolar walls, resulting in decreased elastic recoil. This decreased recoil makes it easier for the lungs to expand and increases overall lung compliance.
Incorrect choices:
B: Pulmonary fibrosis - Pulmonary fibrosis causes lung tissue scarring and stiffening, resulting in decreased lung compliance.
C: Pleural effusion - Pleural effusion is an accumulation of fluid in the pleural space, which can restrict lung expansion and decrease lung compliance.
D: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) - ARDS causes inflammation and fluid buildup in the lungs, leading to decreased lung compliance due to increased stiffness and reduced ability to expand.
A client who has chronic heart failure tells the nurse 'I was fine when I went to bed but I woke up in the middle of the night feeling like I was suffocating!' How should the nurse document this finding?
- A. Orthopnea
- B. Pulsus alternans
- C. Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
- D. Acute bilateral pleural effusion
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea. This finding describes the sudden onset of severe shortness of breath at night, commonly seen in patients with chronic heart failure due to fluid redistribution when lying down. Orthopnea (A) is difficulty breathing when lying flat, not specifically at night. Pulsus alternans (B) is a regular rhythm with alternating strong and weak pulses, not related to this patient's symptom. Acute bilateral pleural effusion (D) is a buildup of fluid in the lungs, not a sudden onset symptom like in this case.
Carina is the point where ...... divided
- A. Trachea
- B. bronchi
- C. larynx
- D. none of them
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Trachea. Carina is the point where the trachea is divided into the left and right primary bronchi. This anatomical landmark is located at the lower end of the trachea where it bifurcates into the bronchi. The other choices, B: bronchi and C: larynx, are incorrect because the trachea is the structure that is divided at the carina, not the bronchi or larynx. Choice D: none of them is also incorrect because the trachea is indeed divided at the carina. Therefore, the correct answer is A as it accurately describes the anatomical location where the trachea divides.
A client has been taking isoniazid for tuberculosis for 3 weeks. What laboratory results need to be reported to the primary health care provider immediately?
- A. Albumin: 5.1 g/dL (7.4 mcmol/L)
- B. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT): 180 U/L
- C. Red blood cell (RBC) count: 5.2/million/µL (5.2  1012/L)
- D. White blood cell (WBC) count: 12,500/mm3 (12.5 ï‚´ 109/L)
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Alanine aminotransferase (ALT): 180 U/L. Elevated ALT levels indicate liver damage, a potential side effect of isoniazid. This is crucial to report immediately to the primary health care provider to assess liver function and adjust medication if needed.
A: Albumin levels may fluctuate due to various factors but are not typically urgent in this context.
C: RBC count within normal range, not directly related to isoniazid therapy.
D: WBC count slightly elevated but not a priority unless there are other concerning symptoms.
Palpation is the assessment technique used to find which abnormal assessment findings?
- A. Stridor
- B. Finger clubbing
- C. Tracheal deviation
- D. Limited chest expansion
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because limited chest expansion is one of the abnormal assessment findings that can be identified through palpation techniques.