Nokea
Resistin, an insulin antagonist, is a hormone produced by the __________.
- A. adipose tissue
- B. heart
- C. liver
- D. hypothalamus
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: adipose tissue. Resistin is primarily produced by adipose tissue and is known to antagonize the action of insulin, leading to insulin resistance. Adipose tissue is a major source of various hormones, including resistin.
Option B: heart, and Option C: liver, are not the correct answers because resistin is not known to be produced by these organs.
Option D: hypothalamus, is also not the correct answer as resistin is not produced by the hypothalamus.
In summary, the correct answer is A because resistin is primarily produced by adipose tissue, which plays a significant role in insulin resistance.
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If the male labelled X is later mated to a black female, what ratio of coat colour would be expected in the offspring?
- A. all black
- B. all brown
- C. 3:1 brown: black
- D. 1:1 brown: black
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The male labeled X must carry both brown and black coat color genes as it is brown. When mated with a black female, the male will pass on either a brown or black gene to the offspring. This results in a 1:1 ratio of brown to black coat color in the offspring. All black (A) and all brown (B) are incorrect as the male carries both genes. The 3:1 ratio (C) is not applicable here as the male can pass on either brown or black gene equally.
Which of the following systems work closely with the endocrine system to coordinate the body's functions?
- A. Cardiovascular system
- B. Respiratory system
- C. Reproductive system
- D. Nervous system
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Nervous system. The nervous system works closely with the endocrine system to regulate and coordinate the body's functions through the release of neurotransmitters and hormones. The nervous system controls rapid responses, while the endocrine system controls slower, long-term processes. The cardiovascular system (A) primarily transports blood and nutrients, the respiratory system (B) is involved in gas exchange, and the reproductive system (C) is responsible for reproduction, none of which directly coordinate with the endocrine system.
Where Are Islets of Langerhans Found?
- A. Anterior pituitary
- B. Cortex
- C. Spleen
- D. Endocrine pancreas
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The Islets of Langerhans are clusters of cells in the pancreas that regulate blood sugar levels. Choice D, Endocrine pancreas, is correct because the Islets of Langerhans are specifically located in the pancreas. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because the Islets of Langerhans are not found in the anterior pituitary, cortex, or spleen. The pancreas is the primary organ associated with blood sugar regulation, making it the correct location for the Islets of Langerhans.
Ipratropium is a synthetic bronchodilator atropine substitute administered by:
- A. Oral route
- B. Intravenous injection
- C. Subcutaneous injection
- D. Inhalation
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Inhalation. Ipratropium is a bronchodilator used to treat conditions like asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Inhalation allows direct delivery to the lungs, where it acts locally to relax the smooth muscle and dilate the airways, providing rapid relief of bronchospasm. Oral route (A) would result in poor absorption and systemic side effects. Intravenous (B) and subcutaneous (C) injections are not preferred due to the risk of systemic effects and lack of targeted action. Thus, inhalation is the most effective and appropriate route for ipratropium administration.
Which of the following organs is considered a neuroendocrine organ?
- A. pituitary
- B. hypothalamus
- C. pancreas
- D. adrenal cortex
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: hypothalamus. The hypothalamus is considered a neuroendocrine organ because it produces and releases hormones that regulate the pituitary gland's hormonal secretion. It acts as a bridge between the nervous system and the endocrine system, controlling various physiological processes. The pituitary gland (choice A) is a master endocrine gland, not a neuroendocrine organ. The pancreas (choice C) is an exocrine and endocrine gland involved in blood sugar regulation. The adrenal cortex (choice D) is part of the adrenal glands responsible for producing steroid hormones, not considered a neuroendocrine organ.