Nokea
Risk factors for developing COPD do not include:
- A. Smoking - passive or active
- B. Age
- C. High fat diet
- D. Indoor and outdoor air pollution
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: COPD's lung wreckers smoking, age, pollution scar airways, no dodge. High fat diet fattens, not chokes lungs; it's metabolic, not respiratory. Nurses target smoke and smog, not butter, a chronic breath stealer's true culprits.
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Lymphoma is differentiated in stages to assisting classifications. Stage III is when there are
- A. Diffuse or disseminated involvement of one or more extra lymphatic organs
- B. Involvement limited to one side of the diaphragm with two or more lymph node regions
- C. Involvement of lymph node regions on both sides of the diaphragm
- D. Involvement of a single lymph node region or single extralymphatic organ or site
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Lymphoma's Stage III nodes jump diaphragm's sides, not one-sided, organ-wide, or solo. Nurses stage this, a chronic spread mark.
Question: Which statement applies to glucose measurement in a central laboratory? Statement 1: Glucose values are normally determined in venous blood. Statement 2: Glucose values are given in plasma values. Which answer is correct?
- A. Both statements are correct
- B. Both statements are incorrect
- C. Statement 1 is correct; statement 2 is incorrect
- D. Statement 1 is incorrect; statement 2 is correct
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Lab glucose venous blood, plasma read, both true, a chronic standard nurses trust.
Appropriate statements concerning radiology and trauma interventional radiology include:
- A. To rule out injury of the cervical spine in the unconscious patient, application of a protocol involving a computed tomography (CT) scan to the neck is recommended.
- B. A FAST (Focused Assessment with Sonography for Trauma) scan is a specific investigation for assessment of intraperitoneal bleeding.
- C. In a patient who is persistently hypotensive in the emergency department despite adequate fluid resuscitation, radiological interventions to treat bleeding caused by a pelvic fracture are not recommended.
- D. Interventional radiology has a role in the management of injuries to the liver, kidney and spleen.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Trauma radiology optimizes diagnosis and intervention. CT is the gold standard for cervical spine assessment in unconscious patients, per NICE guidelines, offering high sensitivity for fractures/ligamentous injury versus plain films. FAST scans detect free fluid (e.g., blood) intraperitoneally but lack specificity positive findings need confirmation (e.g., CT). Persistent hypotension with pelvic fracture warrants interventional radiology (e.g., embolization), not dismissal contrary to the statement. Interventional radiology manages solid organ injuries (liver, kidney, spleen) via embolization, reducing surgical need. Staffing in radiology matches theatre for critical cases. CT's diagnostic precision in cervical spine trauma ensures timely, accurate management, critical in unconscious patients where clinical exam is unreliable.
The Barker hypothesis describes the relationship between birth weight and the development of diseases. Question: Which relationship is correct?
- A. High birth weight is associated with a reduced risk of obesity, diabetes and/or cardiovascular disease at a later age
- B. High birth weight is associated with an increased risk of obesity, diabetes and/or cardiovascular disease at a later age
- C. Low birth weight is associated with a reduced risk of obesity, diabetes and/or cardiovascular disease at a later age
- D. Low birth weight is associated with an increased risk of obesity, diabetes and/or cardiovascular disease at a later age
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Barker's call low birth weight scars metabolism, upping later obesity, diabetes, heart woes. High weight leans risky too, but low's the proven chronic link nurses track this fetal echo.
What is the most influential source of self-efficacy?
- A. Mastery
- B. Affective states
- C. Verbal persuasion
- D. Vicarious experience
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Self-efficacy's backbone is mastery past wins breed belief, a nurse's gold for chronic self-care push. Watching others, pep talks, or mood sway less; doing it trumps all, a confidence anchor in illness battles.