Nokea
Sadie was prescribed betaxolol ophthalmic drops by her ophthalmologist to treat her glaucoma. Oral beta blockers should be avoided in patients who use ophthalmic beta blockers because:
- A. There may be an antagonistic reaction between the two
- B. The additive effects may include bradycardia
- C. They may potentiate each other and cause respiratory depression
- D. The additive effects may cause metabolic acidosis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Ophthalmic betaxolol can add to oral beta blockers, risking bradycardia; respiratory or acidosis are less likely.
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Metformin is a primary choice of drug to treat hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes because it:
- A. Substitutes for insulin usually secreted by the pancreas
- B. Decreases glycogenolysis by the liver
- C. Increases the release of insulin from beta cells
- D. Decreases peripheral glucose utilization
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Metformin reduces hepatic glucose output (glycogenolysis), key in type 2 diabetes; it doesn't mimic insulin or increase release .
The client with acute myelocytic leukemia is being treated with busulfan (Myleran). Which laboratory value would the nurse specifically monitor during treatment with this medication?
- A. Clotting time
- B. Uric acid level
- C. Potassium level
- D. Blood glucose level
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Busulfan (Myleran) can cause an increase in the uric acid level. Hyperuricemia can produce uric acid nephropathy, renal stones, and acute renal failure. Options 1, 3, and 4 are not specifically related to this medication.
The pharmacology students are learning about antibiotics that are known to cause photosensitivity in some patients. What nursing measures would ensure the comfort of patients taking these antibiotics and hopefully avoid serious adverse effects?
- A. Avoiding the use of aspirin and other over-the-counter pain products
- B. Getting a wig or other head cover to avoid heat loss
- C. Avoiding exposure to sunlight or use of a sunscreen and protective clothing if exposure is inevitable
- D. Providing frequent rest periods in a dark room
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Photosensitivity from antibiotics increases sunburn risk; avoiding sunlight or using protection prevents serious skin reactions.
Patient education when prescribing clopidogrel includes:
- A. Do not take any herbal products without discussing it with the provider
- B. Monitor urine output closely and contact the provider if it decreases
- C. Clopidogrel can be constipating, use a stool softener if needed
- D. The patient will need regular anticoagulant studies while on clopidogrel
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Herbal products can increase bleeding risk with clopidogrel; urine or constipation aren't typical issues, and INR isn't monitored.
Fasting for an extended period can:
- A. Increase drug absorption due to lack of competition between food and the drug
- B. Alter the pH of the gastrointestinal tract, affecting absorption
- C. Cause vasoconstriction, leading to decreased drug absorption
- D. Shrink the stomach, causing decreased surface area for drug absorption
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Fasting increases absorption of some drugs by eliminating food-related delays in gastric emptying and competition for absorption.