Nokea
Secretion of enterogastrone would be stimulated by the presence of:
- A. protein in the small intestine
- B. protein in the stomach
- C. fat in the small intestine
- D. fat in the stomach
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Enterogastrone secretion is triggered by fats in the small intestine to slow gastric emptying.
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A 40-year-old patient presents with frequent episodes of heartburn, regurgitation, and a sour taste in the mouth after meals. Symptoms are worse when lying down or bending over. Which of the following conditions is the most likely cause of these symptoms?
- A. Gastric ulcer
- B. Hiatal hernia
- C. Pancreatitis
- D. Peptic esophagitis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Hiatal hernia allows acid reflux into the esophagus, worsened by lying down or bending, causing heartburn and regurgitation.
Ptyalin is secreted by and work in medium.
- A. Stomach, acidic
- B. Salivary gland, slightly acidic
- C. Pancreas, alkaline
- D. Bile, alkaline
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Ptyalin (salivary amylase) is secreted by salivary glands and works in a slightly acidic to neutral pH.
Carbohydrates are comprised of carbon, , and oxygen.
- A. iron
- B. hydrogen
- C. nitrogen
- D. sulfur
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Carbohydrates consist of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a specific ratio.
Cardiac glands of stomach, all true except:
- A. Present in the narrow band 10-40 mm wide around the esophageal orifice
- B. Lined by secreting cells that secrete mucous and few lysozymes
- C. Few parietal cells for HCL secretion and some enteroendocrine cells that secrete gastrin.
- D. Pits are relatively deep, occupying one half of the thickness of the mucosa
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Cardiac gland pits are shallow, not deep, occupying less than half the mucosal thickness, unlike fundic glands.
Match: Polysaccharide
- A. starch or cellulose
- B. composed of amino acids
- C. used for insulation
- D. makes up cell membranes
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Polysaccharides, such as starch and cellulose, are complex carbohydrates that store energy or provide structural support.