Nokea
Taste buds are found in the following areas EXCEPT:
- A. Oral mucosa & soft palate
- B. Esophagus
- C. Laryngeal surface of Epiglottis
- D. Tongue papilla
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Taste buds are absent in the esophagus; they are present on the tongue, soft palate, and epiglottis for taste perception.
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Which structure helps to prevent a bolus of food from entering the trachea during deglutition (swallowing)?
- A. collagen
- B. cardiac sphincter
- C. larynx
- D. epiglottis
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The epiglottis is a flap of cartilage that covers the trachea during swallowing, preventing food from entering the airway.
Ptyalin is secreted by and work in medium.
- A. Stomach, acidic
- B. Salivary gland, slightly acidic
- C. Pancreas, alkaline
- D. Bile, alkaline
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Ptyalin (salivary amylase) is secreted by salivary glands and works in a slightly acidic to neutral pH.
A carbohydrate splitting enzyme is secreted by -
- A. Liver
- B. Zymogen cells of gastric glands
- C. Spleen
- D. Crypts of Lieberkuhn
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Crypts of Lieberkuhn secrete enzymes like maltase that split carbohydrates.
If the sphincter at the top of the stomach is not working properly what do we suffer from?
- A. Heart burn
- B. Constipation
- C. Heart attack
- D. Diarrhea
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A malfunctioning lower esophageal sphincter allows acid reflux, causing heartburn. Constipation, heart attacks, and diarrhea are unrelated to this sphincter.
A 40-year-old patient presents with frequent episodes of heartburn, regurgitation, and a sour taste in the mouth after meals. Symptoms are worse when lying down or bending over. Which of the following conditions is the most likely cause of these symptoms?
- A. Gastric ulcer
- B. Hiatal hernia
- C. Pancreatitis
- D. Peptic esophagitis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Hiatal hernia allows acid reflux into the esophagus, worsened by lying down or bending, causing heartburn and regurgitation.