Nokea
Select a drug used in the treatment of primary hyperaldosteronism that may cause hyperkalemia:
- A. Acetazolamide
- B. Mannitol
- C. Torsemide
- D. Spironolactone
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Spironolactone, an aldosterone antagonist, causes potassium retention.
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Many patients self-medicate with antacids. Which patients should be counseled to not take calcium carbonate antacids without discussing it with their provider or a pharmacist first?
- A. Patients with kidney stones
- B. Pregnant patients
- C. Patients with heartburn
- D. Postmenopausal women
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Calcium carbonate can worsen kidney stones; it's generally safe in pregnancy or heartburn without special caution.
The direct costs of drug therapy include:
- A. The actual cost of acquiring the medication
- B. The loss of income due to illness
- C. Pain and suffering due to inadequate drug therapy
- D. The cost of a funeral associated with premature death
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Direct costs are the tangible expenses of acquiring the drug itself.
The client with metastatic breast cancer is receiving tamoxifen. The nurse specifically monitors which laboratory value while the client is taking this medication?
- A. Glucose level
- B. Calcium level
- C. Potassium level
- D. Prothrombin time
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Tamoxifen may increase calcium, cholesterol, and triglyceride levels. Before the initiation of therapy, a complete blood count, platelet count, and serum calcium levels should be assessed. These blood levels, along with cholesterol and triglyceride levels, should be monitored periodically during therapy. The nurse should assess for hypercalcemia while the client is taking this medication. Signs of hypercalcemia include increased urine volume, excessive thirst, nausea, vomiting, constipation, hypotonicity of muscles, and deep bone and flank pain.
According to traditional Chinese medicine, if a person who has a fever is given a herb that is yang in nature, such as golden seal, the patient's illness will:
- A. Get worse
- B. Get better
- C. Not be adequately treated
- D. Need additional herbs to treat the yang
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A yang (warming) herb like golden seal would worsen a fever, a yang condition.
Henry presents to clinic with a significantly swollen, painful great toe and is diagnosed with gout. Of the following, which would be the best treatment for Henry?
- A. High-dose colchicine
- B. Low-dose colchicine
- C. High-dose aspirin
- D. Acetaminophen with codeine
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Low-dose colchicine effectively treats acute gout with fewer side effects than high-dose ; aspirin worsens gout.