Nokea
Select a drug used in the treatment of primary hyperaldosteronism that may cause hyperkalemia:
- A. Acetazolamide
- B. Mannitol
- C. Torsemide
- D. Spironolactone
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Spironolactone, an aldosterone antagonist, causes potassium retention.
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Which of the following is thyroid hormone:
- A. Triiodthironine
- B. Monoiodthirozine
- C. Diiodthirozine
- D. Octaiodthironine
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Triiodothyronine (T3) is a key thyroid hormone that regulates metabolism, unlike the others which are not primary hormones.
Patients who need to remain alert are taught to avoid which drug due to its antimuscarinic effects?
- A. Levothyroxine
- B. Prilosec
- C. Dulcolax
- D. Diphenhydramine
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Diphenhydramine's antimuscarinic effects cause sedation, impairing alertness.
A nurse has administered an opioid drug to a patient. Which action would be most appropriate for the nurse to do immediately after administering the drug?
- A. Monitoring the vital signs of the patient
- B. Documenting administration of the drug
- C. Informing the patient about the type of drug
- D. Updating the physician regarding the patient's condition
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: After administration of any drug, the nurse should immediately document the administration. After the documentation is complete, the nurse can record the patient's vital signs. The patient needs to be informed about the drug before the administration. The physician need not be immediately informed, unless the client develops severe adverse reactions.
Which of the following legislative acts allowed the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to tighten control over the quality of drugs and required that safety and efficacy standards be established?
- A. Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906
- B. Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act of 1938
- C. Durham Humphrey Amendment of 1951
- D. Kefauver-Harris Act of 1962
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The Kefauver-Harris Act was the result of the use of the 1960s drug thalidomide (Thalomid). The public concern led to the legislation that gave the FDA regulatory control over testing and evaluating of drugs and allowed it to set standards for efficacy and safety. The Pure Food and Drug Act required labeling to eliminate false claims. The Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act gave the FDA the power to enforce standards for testing drug toxicity and monitoring labeling. The Durham-Humphrey Amendment enforced prescriptions for distribution.
Which of the following best describes the effect of propylthiouracil on thyroid hormone production?
- A. It blocks the release of thyrotropin-releasing hormone
- B. It inhibits uptake of iodide by thyroid cells
- C. It prevents the release of thyroid hormone from thyroglobulin
- D. It blocks iodination and coupling of tyrosines in thyroglobulin to form thyroid hormones
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Propylthiouracil blocks iodination and coupling in thyroglobulin, inhibiting thyroid hormone synthesis.