Nokea
Which drug has a high first pass effect
- A. Amiodarone
- B. Phenytoin
- C. Verapamil
- D. Disopyramide
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Verapamil undergoes extensive first-pass metabolism in the liver, reducing its bioavailability when taken orally.
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According to traditional Chinese medicine, if a person who has a fever is given a herb that is yang in nature, such as golden seal, the patient's illness will:
- A. Get worse
- B. Get better
- C. Not be adequately treated
- D. Need additional herbs to treat the yang
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A yang (warming) herb like golden seal would worsen a fever, a yang condition.
A nurse is caring for a client who has a new prescription for Captopril for hypertension. The nurse should monitor the client for which of the following adverse effects of this medication?
- A. Hypokalemia
- B. Hypernatremia
- C. Neutropenia
- D. Bradycardia
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Captopril can cause neutropenia , a rare but serious side effect requiring monitoring.
Which statement is true about Lomotil?
- A. Abuse potential for this drug is low
- B. Psychological dependency is likely
- C. There is a high potential for abuse
- D. This drug is not a controlled substance
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Lomotil, a Schedule V drug, has an abuse potential of limited physical or psychological dependence liability compared with drugs in Schedule IV.
What is correct concerning TI:
- A. A safer drug has a higher theraputic index
- B. TI might be equal to 1
- C. The more the unwanted adverse effect, the ration decreases
- D. You are in danger if you take 1.8 ng/ml of Digoxin which has the margin of safety (0.8-2)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A higher therapeutic index indicates a greater margin of safety between therapeutic and toxic doses, making the drug safer.
A 20-year-old boy suffered from a moderate aspirin toxicity he may be managed by promoting its renal excretion when infused with:
- A. Ascorbid acid
- B. Ammonium chloride
- C. Arginine chloride
- D. Sodium bicarbonate
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Sodium bicarbonate alkalinizes urine, enhancing aspirin (a weak acid) excretion.