Nokea
Selective beta2 stimulants frequently cause:
- A. Skeletal muscle tremors
- B. Tolerance
- C. Tachycardia
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Selective beta2 stimulants typically cause skeletal muscle tremors due to their action on beta2 receptors in skeletal muscles. They can also lead to tolerance with prolonged use, requiring higher doses for the same effect. Additionally, they can cause tachycardia by stimulating beta2 receptors in the heart. Therefore, all of the above choices (A, B, and C) are correct.
You may also like to solve these questions
Regulating hormones from the hypothalamus ________.
- A. enter venous circulation and travel to the heart, which pumps the hormone-containing blood to the pituitary
- B. enter the hepatic portal system, which feeds the pituitary
- C. travel by arteries to the pituitary
- D. first enter into the hypophyseal portal system
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because hormones from the hypothalamus first enter the hypophyseal portal system before reaching the pituitary gland. This system allows direct communication between the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland, enabling precise control over hormone release. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because they do not accurately describe the normal pathway of hormone regulation from the hypothalamus to the pituitary gland. Option A is incorrect as hormones do not travel to the heart before reaching the pituitary. Option B is incorrect because hormones do not enter the hepatic portal system to reach the pituitary. Option C is incorrect as hormones do not travel to the pituitary through arteries.
Thyroid hormone (a small iodinated amine) enters target cells in a manner similar to ________.
- A. insulin, because insulin is a small peptide
- B. steroid hormones, because both diffuse easily into target cells
- C. growth hormone, because the thyroid works synergistically with thyroid hormone
- D. glucagon, because the structure of glucagon is similar to that of thyroid hormone
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: steroid hormones, because both diffuse easily into target cells. Thyroid hormone, being a small iodinated amine, can easily pass through the cell membrane and bind to intracellular receptors, similar to steroid hormones. Unlike insulin (choice A), which binds to cell surface receptors, thyroid hormone and steroid hormones enter the cell to exert their effects. Growth hormone (choice C) and glucagon (choice D) do not share the same mechanism of entry into target cells as thyroid hormone, making them incorrect choices.
Which of the following is least descriptive of the hypothalamus?
- A. Secretes releasing hormones.
- B. Controls the secretion of the anterior pituitary gland.
- C. Secretes ACTH, TSH, and gonadotropins.
- D. Synthesizes oxytocin and ADH.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because the hypothalamus does not directly secrete ACTH, TSH, and gonadotropins. It secretes releasing hormones that regulate the secretion of these hormones from the anterior pituitary gland. Choice A and B are correct because the hypothalamus does secrete releasing hormones and controls the anterior pituitary gland. Choice D is incorrect because the hypothalamus synthesizes oxytocin and ADH, which are stored in the posterior pituitary gland.
Oxytocin ________.
- A. release is an example of a positive feedback control mechanism
- B. is an adenohypophyseal secretion
- C. exerts its most important effects during menstruation
- D. controls milk production
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because oxytocin release is an example of a positive feedback control mechanism. When oxytocin is released during childbirth, it stimulates contractions, which in turn lead to more oxytocin release, creating a positive feedback loop. This helps in the progression of labor.
Choice B is incorrect because oxytocin is a neurohypophyseal hormone, not an adenohypophyseal secretion. Choice C is incorrect as oxytocin's main effects are related to labor, delivery, and lactation, not menstruation. Choice D is incorrect because oxytocin primarily controls uterine contractions during labor and milk ejection during breastfeeding, not milk production itself.
When caring for a patient with primary hyperaldosteronism, the nurse would question a health care provider's prescription for which drug?
- A. Furosemide (Lasix)
- B. Spironolactone (Aldactone)
- C. Amiloride (Midamor)
- D. Aminoglutethimide (Cytadren)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Furosemide (Lasix) is a diuretic that can exacerbate hypokalemia, which is already a concern in primary hyperaldosteronism. Spironolactone, Amiloride, and Aminoglutethimide can be more appropriate for managing the condition.