Nokea
Severe post-dural puncture (spinal) headache is best treated with
- A. epidural blood patch
- B. opioid analgesia
- C. caffeinated beverages
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: An epidural blood patch effectively seals the dural puncture and relieves headache symptoms.
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If a pregnant woman at 38-weeks of gestation complains of dizziness when lying flat, the most likely cause is
- A. hyperventilation and shortness of breath
- B. nutritional imbalance
- C. supine hypotensive syndrome
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Supine hypotensive syndrome occurs when the gravid uterus compresses the inferior vena cava.
Which of the following organs is not considered part of the "duct system" of the female reproductive system?
- A. Vagina
- B. Uterine tubes
- C. Uterus
- D. All of the above are considered part of the "duct system."
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: All listed organs are part of the duct system.
The funnel-shaped, open-ended portion of the oviduct is called the:
- A. Isthmus
- B. Ampulla
- C. Infundibulum
- D. Fimbriae
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The infundibulum is the funnel-shaped, open-ended portion of the oviduct.
Dichorionic-diamniotic twins result from separation of embryonic cells at the:
- A. Four-cell stage
- B. Blastocyst stage
- C. Implantation stage
- D. Trilaminar disc stage
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Four-cell stage. Dichorionic-diamniotic twins occur when the embryo splits into two separate embryos very early in development, typically at the four-cell stage. At this stage, each embryo will have its own chorion and amnion, leading to separate placentas and amniotic sacs. Choices B, C, and D occur later in development and do not result in the formation of two separate embryos with their own chorion and amnion, making them incorrect for the scenario of dichorionic-diamniotic twins.
On speculum examination of the cervix, it is found to be round and smooth. These findings suggest that the patient
- A. is a multipar
- C. has had previous vaginal deliveries.
- D. is nulliparous.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: is nulliparous. A round and smooth cervix typically indicates that the patient has not given birth before (nulliparous). This is because after vaginal deliveries, the cervix may appear irregular or have scarring. Choice A is incorrect because being a multipar (having multiple births) would likely result in changes to the cervix after birth. Choice C is incorrect because previous vaginal deliveries would usually lead to changes in the cervix as well. Choice B is incomplete and does not provide any relevant information.