Nokea
Severe pulmonary valve stenosis is defined as a peak gradient of
- A. >40 mm Hg
- B. >45 mm Hg
- C. >50 mm Hg
- D. >55 mm Hg
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Severe pulmonary valve stenosis is generally defined as a peak gradient >50 mm Hg.
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Proteins found in muscle fibres include:
- A. Vimentin
- B. Saccharin
- C. Keratin
- D. Desmin
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Desmin: Desmin is an intermediate filament protein found in muscle fibers, playing a critical role in maintaining structural integrity and organization within muscle cells.
Regarding idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP):
- A. The more severe the disease
- B. the faster is the recovery to therapy
- C. Alloimmunisation occurs due to fetomaternal incompatibility
- D. Splenomegaly is a recognised feature
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: ITP is characterized by low platelet counts due to immune-mediated destruction. Splenomegaly is a recognized feature but the other options are incorrect. Recovery is not necessarily faster with more severe disease alloimmunisation is not a feature of ITP and not all children with platelet counts below 50 000 require hospitalization. IV immunoglobulin is not indicated in all cases.
All of the following are true regarding proximal renal tubular acidosis, except
- A. Growth failure in the first few years of life is a characteristic presentation
- B. Urine pH cannot be reduced to < 5.5
- C. It is usually a component of Fanconi syndrome
- D. Non-anion gap metabolic acidosis is common
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Proximal renal tubular acidosis is associated with a normal anion gap metabolic acidosis, not a non-anion gap metabolic acidosis.
An 18-month-old with a myelomeningocele is undergoing a cardiac catheterization. The mother expresses concern about the use of dye in the procedure. The child does not have any allergies. In addition to an iodine allergy, which other allergy should the nurse bring to the attention of the catheterization staff?
- A. Soy
- B. Latex
- C. Penicillin
- D. Dairy
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Children with spina bifida (myelomeningocele) are often allergic to latex; catheter balloons and other materials may contain latex.
What are FOUR possible causes of left axis deviation in a newborn with features of Trisomy 21?
- A. AVSD
- B. Tricuspid atresia
- C. Pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum
- D. Mechanical shift
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: AVSD is a common congenital heart defect associated with Trisomy 21 and can lead to left axis deviation seen on ECG.