Nokea
Small round blue cell tumors refer to all the following EXCEPT
- A. non-Hodgkin lymphoma
- B. osteosarcoma
- C. Ewing sarcoma
- D. rhabdomyosarcoma
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Osteosarcoma does not typically fall under the category of small round blue cell tumors.
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A nurse is preparing to complete an admission assessment on a 2-year-old child. The child is sitting on the parent's lap. Which technique should the nurse implement to complete the physical exam?
- A. Ask the parent to place the child in the hospital crib.
- B. Take the child and parent to the exam room.
- C. Perform the exam while the child is on the parent's lap.
- D. Ask the child to stand by the parent while completing the exam.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The most appropriate technique in this scenario would be to perform the exam while the child is on the parent's lap. This approach helps build trust and comfort for the child, as they are in a familiar and secure environment. It can also help the nurse assess the child's behavior and interactions with the parent during the exam, providing valuable information about the child's developmental stage and emotional well-being. Additionally, conducting the exam in this way can help reduce anxiety and fear that the child may experience in an unfamiliar setting like the hospital crib or exam room.
What is the purpose of pursed lip breathing?
- A. Helps exhale less volume of air during expiration
- B. Increases expiration
- C. Promotes effective use of the diaphragm
- D. Relieves compensatory burden on upper thorax
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Pursed lip breathing is a breathing technique commonly used to help improve breathing efficiency in individuals with respiratory conditions such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). By pursing the lips during exhalation, it creates back pressure that helps to keep the airways open longer. This results in slower and more controlled expiration, allowing the individual to exhale a smaller volume of air while maintaining adequate oxygen exchange. This can reduce the feeling of dyspnea (difficulty breathing) and help improve oxygen saturation levels in the blood.
The birthweight usually quadruples by the age of
- A. 1.5 years
- B. 2 years
- C. 2.5 years
- D. 3 years
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Birthweight typically quadruples by 2 years.
Which of the following would Nurse Tony suppose to regard as a cardinal manifestation or symptom of digoxin toxicity to his patient Clay diagnosed with heart failure?
- A. Headache
- B. Respiratory distress
- C. Extreme bradycardia
- D. Constipation
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Digoxin is a medication commonly used to treat heart failure. One of the cardinal manifestations of digoxin toxicity is extreme bradycardia, which is characterized by a slower than normal heart rate. This can be a serious and potentially life-threatening symptom of digoxin toxicity, as it indicates that the medication is affecting the heart's electrical conduction system. Other symptoms of digoxin toxicity can include nausea, vomiting, vision changes, and confusion, but extreme bradycardia is a prominent sign that Nurse Tony should be vigilant for in his patient Clay, who has been diagnosed with heart failure.
The nurse is conducting a staff in-service on congenital heart defects. Which structural defect constitutes tetralogy of Fallot?
- A. Pulmonic stenosis, ventricular septal defect, overriding aorta, right ventricular hypertrophy
- B. Aortic stenosis, ventricular septal defect, overriding aorta, right ventricular hypertrophy
- C. Aortic stenosis, atrial septal defect, overriding aorta, left ventricular hypertrophy
- D. Pulmonic stenosis, ventricular septal defect, aortic hypertrophy, left ventricular hypertrophy
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Tetralogy of Fallot is a combination of four structural defects in the heart. These include pulmonic stenosis (narrowing of the pulmonary valve or artery), ventricular septal defect (hole in the wall that separates the two lower chambers of the heart), overriding aorta (aorta positioned directly over the ventricular septal defect), and right ventricular hypertrophy (enlargement of the right ventricle due to increased workload). Therefore, the correct combination of defects that constitute tetralogy of Fallot is pulmonic stenosis, ventricular septal defect, overriding aorta, and right ventricular hypertrophy, which is option A.