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Some pregnant patients may complain of changes in their voice and impaired hearing. The nurse can tell these patients that these are common reactions to:
- A. a decreased estrogen level.
- B. displacement of the diaphragm, resulting in thoracic breathing.
- C. congestion and swelling, which occur because the upper respiratory tract has become more vascular.
- D. increased blood volum
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because during pregnancy, hormonal changes can lead to congestion and swelling in the upper respiratory tract due to increased vascularity. This can result in changes in voice and impaired hearing. Estrogen levels (choice A) typically increase during pregnancy and do not directly cause these symptoms. Displacement of the diaphragm (choice B) may occur but is more related to breathing changes rather than voice and hearing issues. Increased blood volume (choice D) is a common physiological change in pregnancy but is not directly associated with voice and hearing changes.
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Which individuals played a role in decreasing infections for patients, increasing mortality to what it is today?
- A. Crede
- B. Saint Vincent de Paul
- C. Knightgale
- D. Pasteur
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Joseph Lister and Louis Pasteur were instrumental in developing antiseptic techniques and germ theory, respectively, which significantly reduced infection rates and improved patient survival.
A 36-year-old divorcee with a successful modeling career finds out that her 18-year-old
daughter is expecting her first child. Which is a major factor in determining how this woman
will respond to becoming a grandmother?
- A. Her age
- B. Her career
- C. Being divorced
- D. Age of the daughter
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, the age of the daughter. The major factor in how the woman will respond as a grandmother is the age of her daughter because it directly impacts the circumstances and challenges the daughter may face as a young mother. The woman's age (choice A) and career (choice B) may influence her perspective and ability to support her daughter, but the daughter's age is the primary determinant. Being divorced (choice C) may also play a role in the woman's response, but it is not as significant as the daughter's age in this scenario.
To reassure and educate pregnant patients about changes in their cardiovascular system, maternity nurses should be aware that:
- A. a pregnant woman experiencing disturbed cardiac rhythm, such as sinus arrhythmia requires close medical and obstetric observation, no matter how healthy she otherwise may appear.
- B. changes in heart size and position and increases in blood volume create auditory changes from 20 weeks to term.
- C. palpitations are twice as likely to occur in twin gestations.
- D. all of the above changes will likely occur.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because all the statements in choices A, B, and C are true regarding changes in the cardiovascular system during pregnancy.
A: Pregnant women with disturbed cardiac rhythm, such as sinus arrhythmia, should be closely monitored as it can impact both the mother and the fetus, regardless of the mother's overall health status.
B: Changes in heart size, position, and blood volume lead to auditory changes from 20 weeks to term, which is important for nurses to be aware of in order to monitor the cardiovascular health of pregnant patients.
C: Palpitations are more likely to occur in twin gestations due to the increased demands on the cardiovascular system.
In summary, all the changes mentioned in choices A, B, and C are common occurrences in pregnancy and it is crucial for maternity nurses to be aware of them in order to provide appropriate care and education to pregnant patients.
Appendicitis may be difficult to diagnose in pregnancy because the appendix is:
- A. displaced upward and laterally, high and to the right.
- B. displaced upward and laterally, high and to the left.
- C. deep at McBurney point.
- D. displaced downward and laterally, low and to the right.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The appendix is displaced high and to the right, beyond McBurney point.
A woman is at 14 weeks of gestation. The nurse would expect to palpate the fundus at which level?
- A. Not palpable above the symphysis at this time
- B. Slightly above the symphysis pubis
- C. At the level of the umbilicus
- D. Slightly above the umbilicus
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: At 14 weeks, the fundus is typically palpable slightly above the symphysis pubis. It reaches the umbilicus around 20-22 weeks.