Nokea
Spirometry can measure all except
- A. IC
- B. ERV
- C. FRC
- D. Vital capacity
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Spirometry measures lung volumes and capacities. Functional Residual Capacity (FRC) is the volume of air left in the lungs after a normal exhalation, which cannot be directly measured by spirometry. Therefore, C is correct. IC (Inspiratory Capacity) is the maximum volume of air that can be inhaled after a normal exhalation, ERV (Expiratory Reserve Volume) is the additional volume of air that can be exhaled after a normal exhalation, and Vital Capacity is the total volume of air that can be exhaled after a maximum inhalation, all of which can be measured using spirometry.
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A nurse assesses a client's respiratory status. Which information is most important for the nurse to obtain?
- A. Average daily fluid intake.
- B. Neck circumference.
- C. Height and weight.
- D. Occupation and hobbies.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Occupation and hobbies. This information is crucial as certain occupations or hobbies may expose the client to respiratory hazards, leading to potential respiratory issues. By assessing their occupation and hobbies, the nurse can identify any risks or triggers that could impact the client's respiratory status.
A: Average daily fluid intake is important for overall health but not directly related to respiratory status assessment.
B: Neck circumference may be relevant for assessing airway obstruction risk but is not as critical as occupation and hobbies.
C: Height and weight are more related to general health and body mass index, not specifically respiratory status assessment.
A nurse is caring for a client who received benzocaine spray prior to a recent bronchoscopy. The client presents with continuous cyanosis even with oxygen therapy. Which action should the nurse take next?
- A. Administer an albuterol treatment.
- B. Notify the Rapid Response Team.
- C. Assess the client's peripheral pulses.
- D. Obtain blood and sputum cultures.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Notify the Rapid Response Team. Continuous cyanosis despite oxygen therapy following benzocaine administration may indicate methemoglobinemia, a serious adverse effect. Rapid Response Team should be alerted for immediate intervention and monitoring. Albuterol treatment (A) would not address methemoglobinemia. Assessing peripheral pulses (C) may not provide immediate assistance. Obtaining blood and sputum cultures (D) is not the priority in this situation.
Which of the following gas mixture is used by Divers to prevent Oxygen toxicity
- A. Oxygen and CO2
- B. Oxygen and Nitrogen
- C. Oxygen and rare gases
- D. Oxygen, CO2 and Nitrogen
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Oxygen and Nitrogen. This gas mixture is used by divers to prevent Oxygen toxicity because it closely mimics the composition of the air we breathe. Oxygen toxicity can occur at high partial pressures of Oxygen, which can lead to seizures and other serious health issues. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because CO2 and rare gases are not typically used in diving gas mixtures, and including CO2 in the mixture can increase the risk of Oxygen toxicity. Nitrogen is used as a diluent to reduce the partial pressure of Oxygen, making it safer for divers.
Hypoxia
- A. causes hyperventilation
- B. may cause headaches, nausea, and lethargy.
- C. can lead to loss of consciousness and death
- D. all of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because hypoxia, which is a condition of low oxygen levels in the body, can indeed lead to hyperventilation, as the body tries to compensate. It can also cause symptoms like headaches, nausea, and lethargy due to the lack of oxygen reaching the brain and other organs. Severe hypoxia can lead to loss of consciousness and even death if oxygen levels are not restored promptly. Therefore, all the statements in choices A, B, and C are true in relation to hypoxia, making option D the correct choice.
Which of the following decreases respiratory efficiency?
- A. decreased blood flow
- B. increased surface area
- C. increased partial pressure gradients
- D. increased gas solubility
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step 1: Blood flow supplies oxygen and removes carbon dioxide in the lungs, essential for efficient gas exchange.
Step 2: Decreased blood flow means less oxygen delivery and carbon dioxide removal, leading to decreased respiratory efficiency.
Step 3: Choice A is correct as it directly impacts the gas exchange process.
Summary:
- Choice B (increased surface area) would enhance gas exchange efficiency.
- Choice C (increased partial pressure gradients) would improve gas exchange efficiency.
- Choice D (increased gas solubility) would not directly affect respiratory efficiency.