Nokea
Strategies to overcome barriers and challenges faced in insulin therapy include the following EXCEPT:
- A. Close supervision for the patient's first jab
- B. Threaten patient into adherence with insulin therapy
- C. Engage patient from the start
- D. Offer the least painful options currently available in the market
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Insulin wins guide first shots, engage early, ease pain, set sharp goals; threats flop, breed resentment. Nurses coach this chronic game, not bully.
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Which agent is the usually choice for moderate to severe travelers diarrhea?
- A. metronidazole
- B. doxycycline
- C. norfloxacin
- D. penicillin
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Norfloxacin fluoroquinolone zaps travelers' E. coli, not metro, doxy, pen, or cotrim's fade. Nurses pick this chronic gut punch.
Traditionally, nurses have been involved with tertiary cancer prevention. However, an increasing emphasis is being placed on both primary and secondary prevention. What would be an example of primary prevention?
- A. Yearly Pap tests
- B. Testicular self-examination
- C. Teaching patients to wear sunscreen
- D. Screening mammograms
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Primary prevention stops cancer before it starts by reducing risk factors in healthy folks. Teaching sunscreen use blocks UV radiation a prime cause of skin cancer like melanoma fitting this category perfectly. Pap tests and mammograms are secondary prevention, detecting cervical and breast cancer early for treatment. Testicular self-exams also fall under secondary, aiming to catch testicular cancer sooner. The shift to primary efforts, like sun protection, reflects a proactive stance, cutting UV-induced DNA damage that kicks off carcinogenesis. Nurses pushing this can slash skin cancer rates, especially in fair-skinned populations, by fostering habits that shield against environmental triggers, unlike reactive screening or post-diagnosis care.
A nurse is creating a plan of care for an oncology patient and one of the identified nursing diagnoses is risk for infection related to myelosuppression. What intervention addresses the leading cause of infection-related death in oncology patients?
- A. Encourage several small meals daily
- B. Provide skin care to maintain skin integrity
- C. Assist the patient with hygiene, as needed
- D. Assess the integrity of the patient's oral mucosa regularly
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Myelosuppression from chemo or cancer slashes white cells, making infection a top killer sepsis often starts at breached barriers like skin. Maintaining skin integrity via cleansing and protection stops bugs (e.g., Staph) from sneaking in, directly tackling this risk. Small meals fight malnutrition, a secondary factor, not the leading death driver. Hygiene helps, but it's broad, not specific to the prime entry point. Oral mucosa checks catch stomatitis, another risk, but skin's the bigger battlefield in oncology stats. Nurses prioritize this, knowing intact skin's the first defense against fatal infections in these fragile patients.
Why are endothelial cells in particular sensitive to the damage caused by high plasma glucose levels?
- A. Endothelial cells have a high metabolic activity
- B. Endothelial cells cannot regulate the glucose uptake
- C. Endothelial cells have a low level of antioxidants
- D. All statements provided above are correct
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Endothelial cells drown in glucose no uptake brakes, high sugar slams them, not just metabolism or low shields. A chronic vessel weak spot nurses watch this sugar soak.
Chemotherapeutic treatment of acute leukemia is done in four phases. Place these phases in the correct order.
- A. Maintenance
- B. Induction
- C. Intensification
- D. Consolidation
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Acute leukemia's chemotherapy unfolds systematically: induction kicks off, aggressively killing leukemia cells to induce remission, a high-dose blitz. Intensification follows, targeting residual cells over months, relentless in early remission. Consolidation reinforces, eliminating lingering blasts post-remission, solidifying gains. Maintenance, with lower doses, sustains remission long-term, preventing relapse. This order induction, intensification, consolidation, maintenance mirrors the disease's need for initial eradication then sustained control, a structured approach nurses reinforce through patient education and monitoring, ensuring each phase's purpose aligns with leukemia's aggressive biology and treatment goals.