Nokea
Streptococcal pharyngitis should be treated with antibiotics to avoid which of the following?
- A. Otitis media
- B. Acute laryngitis
- C. Nephrotic syndrome
- D. Hemorrhagic fever
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Streptococcal pharyngitis, commonly known as strep throat, is caused by group A Streptococcus bacteria. If left untreated, the infection can lead to complications such as poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis, which is a type of nephrotic syndrome affecting the kidneys. Antibiotic treatment for streptococcal pharyngitis is important to prevent these potential severe complications, including nephrotic syndrome. Otitis media, acute laryngitis, and hemorrhagic fever are not direct complications of untreated streptococcal pharyngitis.
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Which is a common, serious complication of rheumatic fever?
- A. Seizures
- B. Cardiac arrhythmias
- C. Pulmonary hypertension
- D. Cardiac valve damage
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Rheumatic fever is an inflammatory disease that can develop after a streptococcal infection, such as strep throat. One of the most serious complications of rheumatic fever is cardiac involvement, specifically damage to the heart valves. This occurs due to the body's immune response attacking the heart valves as a result of molecular mimicry between streptococcal antigens and human tissues. The damage to the heart valves can result in conditions like mitral valve stenosis or regurgitation, which can lead to heart failure if not managed appropriately. Therefore, cardiac valve damage is a common and serious complication of rheumatic fever that requires monitoring and treatment to prevent long-term consequences.
In neuroblastoma, metastatic spread can occur via local invasion or distant hematogenous/lymphatic routes. The LEAST common site of metastases in neuroblastoma is
- A. long bone
- B. bone marrow
- C. lung
- D. skin
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Skin metastases are rare in neuroblastoma compared to bone, bone marrow, and lung involvement.
Mr Balao asks the nurse as to the source of this disease. The nurse is aware that this is a disease of:
- A. connective tissue
- B. Bones
- C. purine metabolism Situation- Mr Gil age 86 years, has been diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disease that primarily affects the brain, not connective tissue or bones. It is characterized by the accumulation of abnormal protein aggregates in the brain, leading to loss of cognitive function and memory. The nurse would be aware that Alzheimer's disease does not involve bones or purine metabolism, making connective tissue the correct answer in this context.
Which statement is descriptive of renal transplantation in children?
- A. It is an acceptable means of treatment after age 10 years.
- B. It is the preferred means of renal replacement therapy in children.
- C. Children can receive kidneys only from other children.
- D. The decision for transplantation is difficult because a relatively normal lifestyle is not possible.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Renal transplantation is considered the preferred means of renal replacement therapy in children with end-stage renal disease. This is because transplantation offers the best long-term outcomes and quality of life for children compared to other forms of renal replacement therapy such as dialysis. Children who undergo successful renal transplantation tend to have improved growth, development, and overall health compared to those who remain on dialysis. Transplantation can provide children with the opportunity to live a relatively normal and healthy life, making it the preferred treatment option in pediatric patients with end-stage renal disease.
The client with rheumatoid arthritis reports GI irritation after taking piroxicam (Feldene). To prevent GI upset, the nurse should provide which instruction?
- A. Space the administration every 4 hours.
- B. Use the drug for a short time only
- C. Take piroxicam with food or oral antacid
- D. Decrease the piroxicam dosage
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Piroxicam is a nonselective NSAID (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug) that can irritate the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, leading to symptoms such as heartburn, indigestion, and stomach pain. Taking piroxicam with food or an oral antacid can help reduce GI irritation by providing a protective barrier and reducing acid production within the stomach. Encouraging the client to take piroxicam with a meal or antacid can help prevent or minimize GI upset associated with the medication. Additionally, using a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) or histamine-2 receptor antagonist (H2 blocker) along with piroxicam may further protect the stomach lining from irritation.