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Student nurses are learning to weigh patients and do vital signs. How does a correct weight impact administering medication?
- A. Proper dosage calculation
- B. Assessing changes in fluid balance
- C. Assessing changes in nutritional status
- D. Caloric needs
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Accurate weight is essential for calculating correct medication dosages, especially for weight-based drugs.
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A nurse is instructing a pregnant patient concerning the potential risk to her fetus from a Pregnancy Category B drug. What would the nurse inform the patient?
- A. Adequate studies in pregnant women have demonstrated there is no risk to the fetus.
- B. Animal studies have not demonstrated a risk to the fetus, but there have been no adequate studies in pregnant women.
- C. Animal studies have shown an adverse effect on the fetus, but there are no adequate studies in pregnant women.
- D. There is evidence of human fetal risk, but the potential benefits from use of the drug may be acceptable despite potential risks.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Category B indicates that animal studies have not demonstrated a risk to the fetus. However, there have not been adequate studies in pregnant women to demonstrate risk to a fetus during the first trimester of pregnancy and no evidence of risk in later trimesters. Category A indicates that adequate studies in pregnant women have not demonstrated a risk to the fetus in the first trimester or in later trimesters. Category C indicates that animal studies have shown an adverse effect on the fetus, but no adequate studies in humans. Category D reveals evidence of human fetal risk, but the potential benefits from the use of the drugs in pregnant women may outweigh potential risks.
The Vaccine Adverse Events Reporting System is:
- A. A mandatory reporting system for all health-care providers when they encounter an adverse vaccine event
- B. A voluntary reporting system that health-care providers or consumers may use to report vaccine adverse events
- C. Utilized to send out safety alerts regarding emerging vaccine safety issues
- D. Activated when a vaccine has been proven to cause significant adverse effects
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: VAERS is a voluntary system for reporting vaccine ADRs by providers or consumers, not mandatory or alert-only .
Monitoring a patient on a high-dose aspirin level includes:
- A. Salicylate level
- B. Complete blood count
- C. Urine pH
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: High-dose aspirin requires salicylate levels , CBC for bleeding, and urine pH for excretion monitoring.
The nurse is assessing a diabetic patient who has presented at the clinic reporting several hypoglycemic episodes during the past 3 weeks. The nurse questions the patient about the use of herbal or alternative therapies, suspecting what herbal remedy could cause the hypoglycemic episodes?
- A. St. John's wort
- B. Kava
- C. Fish oil
- D. Ginseng
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Ginseng is known to decrease blood sugar levels. If the patient used this in combination with his or her oral antidiabetic agent, diet, and exercise, his or her blood sugar could drop below therapeutic levels. St. John's wort interacts with many drugs, but not with antidiabetic agents. Kava is associated with liver toxicity. Fish oil has been associated with decreased coronary artery disease.
Juanita had a deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and was on heparin in the hospital and was discharged on warfarin. She asks her primary care provider NP why she was getting both medications while in the hospital. The best response is to:
- A. Contact the hospitalist as this is not the normal guideline for prescribing these two medications and she may have had a more complicated case
- B. Explain that warfarin is often started while a patient is still on heparin because warfarin takes a few days to reach effectiveness
- C. Encourage the patient to contact the Customer Service department at the hospital as this was most likely a medication error during her admission
- D. Draw anticoagulation studies to make sure she does not have dangerously high bleeding times
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Warfarin's delayed onset requires heparin overlap for immediate anticoagulation; this is standard, not an error or exception .