Nokea
The nurse is teaching a nursing student about the antifungal drug amphotericin B. Which statement by the student indicates a need for further teaching?
- A. Amphotericin B may be given intravenously or by mouth
- B. Patients who take this drug should have potassium and magnesium levels assessed
- C. Patients with renal disease should not take amphotericin B
- D. This drug is used for severe systemic infections
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Amphotericin B is IV-only due to poor oral absorption; electrolyte monitoring and systemic use are correct. Amphotericin B is not absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, so is not given by mouth.
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Which of the following drugs is used to accelerate pulmonary maturation in the fetus in women with premature labor?
- A. Aminoglutethimide
- B. Betamethasone
- C. Mifepristone
- D. Misoprostol
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Betamethasone, a glucocorticoid, is administered to enhance fetal lung maturation by stimulating surfactant production in preterm labor.
When prescribing temazepam (Restoril) for insomnia, patient education includes:
- A. Take temazepam nightly approximately 15 minutes before bedtime.
- B. Temazepam should not be used more than three times a week for less than 3 months.
- C. Drinking 1 ounce of alcohol will cause additive effects and the patient will sleep better.
- D. Exercise for at least 30 minutes within 2 hours of bedtime to enhance the effects of temazepam.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Temazepam is recommended short-term (e.g., ≤3 times/week) to avoid dependence.
Candesartan and irbesartan are angiotensin receptor blockers that are used to treat hypertension. The therapeutic dose range for candesartan is 4 to 32 mg, as compared to 75 to 300 mg for irbesartan. which of the following regarding this statement is correct?
- A. Candesartan is more potent than is irbesartan
- B. Candesartan and irbesartan have different efficacy
- C. Candesartan is a non competitive antagonist for irbesartan
- D. Irbesartan is a competitive antagonist for candesartan
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Lower dose range for candesartan indicates higher potency (lower EC50) compared to irbesartan.
45 year old female has a diabetes mellitus. Endocrinologist prescribes treatment, which has a side effect as hypoglycemia and weight gain. Which of the following drug is prescribed?
- A. Canagliflozin
- B. Exenatide
- C. Gliburide
- D. Pramlintide
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Gliburide, a sulfonylurea, commonly causes hypoglycemia and weight gain due to increased insulin release.
A patient presents to the emergency department with a drug level of 50 units/mL. The half-life of this drug is 1 hour. With this drug, concentrations above 25 units/mL are considered toxic and no more drug is given. How long will it take for the blood level to reach the non-toxic range?
- A. 30 minutes
- B. 1 hour
- C. 2 hours
- D. 3 hours
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Half-life is the time required for the serum concentration of a drug to decrease by 50%. After 1 hour, the serum concentration would be 25 units/mL (50/2) if the body can properly metabolize and excrete the drug. After 2 hours, the serum concentration would be 12.5 units/mL (25/2) and reach the nontoxic range. In 30 minutes the drug level would be 37.5 units/mL, whereas in 3 hours the drug level would be 6.25.