Quizlet Genitourinary System

Quizlet Genitourinary System Related

Review Quizlet Genitourinary System related questions and content

Superinfections are more common with: *

  • A. Use of narrow spectrum antibiotics
  • B. Short courses of antibiotics
  • C. Use of antibiotics that are completely absorbed from the small intestines
  • D. Use of antibiotic combinations covering both gram positive and gram negative bacteria
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because using antibiotic combinations covering both gram positive and gram negative bacteria can disrupt the balance of normal flora in the body, leading to superinfections. This is due to the broad spectrum of activity of these antibiotics, which can kill off a wider range of bacteria, including the beneficial ones.

Choice A is incorrect because narrow spectrum antibiotics target specific types of bacteria, reducing the likelihood of disrupting the normal flora and causing superinfections. Choice B is incorrect because longer courses of antibiotics increase the risk of superinfections as they continue to disrupt the normal flora over a longer period. Choice C is incorrect because antibiotics that are completely absorbed from the small intestines do not necessarily increase the risk of superinfections; it is more about the spectrum of activity and the impact on normal flora.

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Which of the following is the most appropriate choice of treating * aspergillosis?

  • A. Terbinan
  • B. Amphotericin B
  • C. Flucytosine
  • D. Itraconazole
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Answer B, Amphotericin B, is the most appropriate choice for treating aspergillosis due to its broad-spectrum antifungal activity, especially against Aspergillus species. It is often used for severe or systemic infections when other options are ineffective. Terbinafine (A) is more commonly used for dermatophyte infections, while Flucytosine (C) is typically used for certain yeast infections. Itraconazole (D) may be effective against some Aspergillus strains but is generally considered less effective than Amphotericin B for severe cases.

A patient with a history of incontinence will undergo

  • A. Because voiding in the presence of others can cause situational anxiety, the nurse should perform what action?
  • B. Administer diuretics as ordere
  • D. Push fluids for several hours prior to the test.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because the nurse should respect the patient's privacy and dignity to prevent situational anxiety related to incontinence. Administering diuretics (B) without indication may worsen incontinence. Choice C is incomplete, and choice D may exacerbate incontinence.

Which of the following components of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is not correctly paired with its function?

  • A. Renin – cleavage of angiotensinogen to angiotensin I
  • B. Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) – activation of angiotensin I to angiotensin II
  • C. Aldosterone – sodium and water reabsorption
  • D. Angiotensin II – vasoconstriction and decrease of blood pressure
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. Angiotensin II does not decrease blood pressure; it actually increases blood pressure through vasoconstriction. Renin cleaves angiotensinogen to form angiotensin I, and ACE converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II. Aldosterone acts on the kidneys to increase sodium and water reabsorption, leading to increased blood volume and pressure. Therefore, D is incorrect because Angiotensin II causes vasoconstriction and increases blood pressure.

A patient has very high plasma uric acid and has high risk of developing acute uric acid nephropathy. Which of the following agent should be avoided?

  • A. Ethacrynic acid
  • B. Acetazolamide
  • C. Hydrochlorothiazide
  • D. Furosemide
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Furosemide. Furosemide is a loop diuretic which can increase uric acid levels in the blood, potentially worsening the patient's condition. Ethacrynic acid (A) is also a loop diuretic and can have similar effects. Acetazolamide (B) is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor and may increase urinary excretion of uric acid, which can be beneficial in this case. Hydrochlorothiazide (C) is a thiazide diuretic that can actually lower uric acid levels by increasing urinary excretion. Therefore, the best choice to avoid in a patient with high plasma uric acid and risk of acute uric acid nephropathy is furosemide.

An adhesion of the prepuce to the head of the penis, making it impossible to retract, is:

  • A. Paraphimosis
  • B. Phimosis
  • C. Smegma
  • D. Dyschezia
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Phimosis. Phimosis is the adhesion of the prepuce to the head of the penis, leading to the inability to retract the foreskin. This condition can cause pain, difficulty urinating, and increased risk of infections. Paraphimosis (choice A) is the painful retraction of a foreskin that is stuck behind the glans. Smegma (choice C) is a buildup of dead skin cells and oils under the foreskin. Dyschezia (choice D) is difficulty in passing stools. In this case, phimosis best describes the situation of adhesion preventing foreskin retraction.

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