Nokea
Taking which drug with food maximizes it bioavailability?
- A. Donepezil
- B. Galantamine
- C. Rivastigmine
- D. Memantine
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rivastigmine's bioavailability is maximized with food, reducing GI side effects.
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Anti-inflammatory action of glucocorticoids is determined by:
- A. Inhibition of phospholipase A2
- B. Activation of phospholipase A2
- C. Inhibition of cyclooxygenase type-1
- D. Inhibition of cyclooxygenase type-2
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Glucocorticoids inhibit phospholipase A2, reducing the production of inflammatory mediators like prostaglandins.
A nurse in a provider's office is monitoring serum electrolytes for four older adult clients who take digoxin. Which of the following electrolyte values increases a client's risk for Digoxin toxicity?
- A. Calcium 9.2 mg/dL
- B. Calcium 10.3 mg/dL
- C. Potassium 3.4 mEq/L
- D. Potassium 4.8 mEq/
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Hypokalemia (3.4 mEq/L, C) increases digoxin toxicity risk by enhancing its effects.
Which hormones are produces by pancreas?
- A. Calcitirne
- B. Corticotropin
- C. Insuline
- D. Dopamine
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Insulin and glucagon are produced by the pancreas, regulating blood glucose levels; the others are not pancreatic hormones.
When melatonin is used to induce sleep, the recommendation is that the patient:
- A. Take 10 mg 30 minutes before bed nightly
- B. Take 1 to 5 mg 30 minutes before bed nightly
- C. Not take melatonin more than three nights a week
- D. Combine melatonin with zolpidem (Ambien) for the greatest impact on sleep
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: 1-5 mg of melatonin 30 minutes before bed is the recommended dose for sleep induction.
A patient is considering using herbal supplements and asks the nurse about them. Which response by the nurse would be most appropriate?
- A. Herbal supplements are safe to use because they are regulated closely.'
- B. Herbal supplements can affect the way other medications will act.'
- C. Taking more than the recommended amount usually is not harmful because they are natural.'
- D. The risk of the supplement interacting with any prescription medications is extremely low.'
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The nurse needs to explain to the patient that just because an herbal supplement is labeled 'natural' does not mean the supplement is safe or without harmful effects. Herbal supplements can act the same way as drugs and can cause medical problems if not used correctly or if taken in large amounts. Herbal supplements are not regulated by the FDA, so products lack standardization in relation to purity and potency. In addition, the patient should be warned not to take more than the recommended dose of any herbal health product or supplement. The problems that these products can cause are much more likely to occur if the patient takes too much or takes them for too long.