Nokea
The action of 'gliptins' is different from other antidiabetic agents because they:
- A. Have a low risk for hypoglycemia
- B. Are not associated with weight gain
- C. Close ATP-dependent potassium channels in the beta cell
- D. Act on the incretin system to indirectly increase insulin production
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Gliptins enhance incretin activity, boosting insulin secretion without hypoglycemia risk , unlike sulfonylureas .
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Glucocorticoids causes:
- A. Inhibition of lipolysis
- B. Disposition of fat in upper and lower extremities
- C. Atrophy of fatty tissue on face and paleness
- D. Catabolism of bone tissue
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Glucocorticoids promote bone catabolism, leading to osteoporosis by inhibiting osteoblast activity and increasing osteoclast activity.
Least half life is for which hormone
- A. Nor adrenaline
- B. Renin
- C. Aldosterone
- D. Thyroxine
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Noradrenaline has a very short half-life (minutes) due to rapid metabolism.
The telephone triage nurse receives a call from a patient asking for a prescription for a narcotic to manage his surgical pain. The nurse explains that narcotic prescriptions must be written and cannot be called in to the pharmacy. The patient says, Why are narcotics so difficult to get a prescription for? What is the nurses best response?
- A. The Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA) determines the risk for addiction and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) enforces their control.
- B. The increase in the number of drug addicts has made the rules stronger.
- C. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) regulates use of controlled substances to reduce the risk of injury.
- D. Controlled substances like narcotics are controlled by the FDA and the DEA.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Controlled substances are controlled by the FDA and the DEA: the DEA enforces control while the FDA determines abuse potential. Regulations related to controlled substances have remained strict and specific and have not been significantly impacted by substance abusers. The CDC is not involved in control of narcotics and other controlled substances.
Pharmacokinetics is:
- A. The study of biological and therapeutic effects of drugs
- B. The study of absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of drugs
- C. The study of mechanism of drugs
- D. The study of methods of new drug development
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Pharmacokinetics focuses on how the body handles a drug, including absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME), distinguishing it from pharmacodynamics, which studies drug effects.
A nurse is preparing a client's medications. Which of the following actions should the nurse take in following legal practice guidelines? (Select ONE that does not apply.)
- A. Maintain skill competency.
- B. Determine the dosage.
- C. Monitor for adverse effects.
- D. Safeguard medications.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Nurses must maintain competency , monitor effects , and safeguard meds ; determining dosage is the prescriber's role.