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The average time that a person with Alzheimer's disease lives after diagnosis is:
- A. 2 years
- B. 8 years
- C. 10 years
- D. 20 years
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: 8 years. Alzheimer's disease typically progresses slowly, with individuals living an average of 8 years after diagnosis. This is due to the degenerative nature of the disease, leading to gradual decline in cognitive function. Choice A (2 years) is too short for Alzheimer's progression. Choice C (10 years) is close but slightly overestimates the average. Choice D (20 years) is too long, as Alzheimer's typically does not allow for such a long survival time post-diagnosis. Therefore, B is the most accurate option based on the typical progression and outcomes of Alzheimer's disease.
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A patient with severe dementia can no longer recognize her only daughter and becomes anxious and agitated when the daughter attempts to reorient her. An alternative the nurse could suggest to the daughter is to:
- A. Wear a large name tag.
- B. Visit her mother less often.
- C. Talk about experiences they've shared.
- D. None of the above.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Talk about experiences they've shared. This option is the most appropriate because reminiscing about past shared experiences can help trigger memories and emotions in the patient with dementia, potentially reducing anxiety and agitation. It can provide comfort and a sense of familiarity to the patient. Wearing a large name tag (option A) may not address the core issue of memory loss. Visiting less often (option B) could lead to further feelings of isolation and confusion for the patient. Option D, None of the above, is incorrect as option C provides a constructive and person-centered approach to improving the interaction between the patient and her daughter.
A patient with an eating disorder states, 'I heard people laughing behind me in the check-out line at the department store. I bet they thought it was hysterically funny that I gained a pound in the last few days.' The nurse documents that the patient is exhibiting which cognitive distortion related to maladaptive eating regulation responses?
- A. Magnification
- B. Personalization
- C. Overgeneralization
- D. Dichotomous thinking
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Personalization. Personalization is a cognitive distortion where an individual takes responsibility for events that are not entirely their fault. In this scenario, the patient is attributing the laughter of people in the check-out line to being about them and their weight gain, when in reality, the laughter may have had nothing to do with them. This distortion can contribute to feelings of guilt, shame, and self-blame.
A: Magnification involves exaggerating the importance or meaning of an event, which is not evident in the scenario.
C: Overgeneralization involves making broad negative conclusions based on a single event, which is not demonstrated here.
D: Dichotomous thinking is the tendency to view situations in black and white terms, with no middle ground, which is not present in the patient's statement.
Sensory experiences that occur in the absence of a stimulus are called
- A. illusions
- B. hallucinations
- C. delusions
- D. affect episodes
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Hallucinations are perceptions without stimuli, distinct from illusions (misinterpretations).
The nurse is interviewing a client who presents with a dislocated shoulder. She demonstrates signs of anxiety and poor eye contact and turns to her partner for answers, allowing him to answer for her. Bruises on her breast and upper arm are visible. The nurse asks the partner to go to the admitting office to give insurance information. While the partner is out of the room, which question is most important to ask?
- A. Have you been with your partner long?'
- B. Have you ever been physically or emotionally hurt by someone?'
- C. Are you an abused woman?'
- D. Shall I notify the police that you would like to press charges?'
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: "Have you ever been physically or emotionally hurt by someone?" This question is important as it directly addresses the potential abuse the client may be experiencing. It allows the nurse to assess for any history of abuse, which could be contributing to the client's anxiety and behavior. It also opens up an opportunity for the client to disclose any abuse they may be facing.
Choice A is incorrect because the length of the relationship with the partner is not as crucial as addressing the potential abuse. Choice C is also incorrect because it is too direct and may not encourage the client to open up about their experiences. Choice D is incorrect as it assumes the client wants to press charges without first assessing the situation and the client's wishes.
What is the most appropriate goal for a nurse caring for a patient with anorexia nervosa?
- A. The patient will gain weight rapidly to achieve a normal weight.
- B. The patient will stabilize their weight and maintain adequate nutrition.
- C. The patient will achieve full recovery without needing additional support.
- D. The patient will accept their body image as normal and healthy.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The most appropriate goal for a nurse caring for a patient with anorexia nervosa is for the patient to stabilize their weight and maintain adequate nutrition (Choice B). This goal is crucial because rapid weight gain can have negative physical and psychological consequences for the patient. Stabilizing weight helps prevent complications like refeeding syndrome and supports the patient's overall health. It also addresses the immediate nutritional needs of the patient. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because rapid weight gain can be harmful, full recovery often requires ongoing support, and body image acceptance may not be the most pressing concern for someone with anorexia nervosa.