Nokea
The BEST implication of a 6-month-old baby's visuomotor coordination is
- A. voluntary release of objects
- B. comparison ability of small objects
- C. increasing ability to explore objects
- D. autonomy of actions
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Voluntary release is a key milestone in visuomotor coordination at this age.
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In preparing a preschool-aged patient for an injection, the most appropriate nursing intervention is to:
- A. allow the patient to administer an injection to a doll.
- B. arrange for the patient to watch a peer receive an injection.
- C. have the parents explain the process to the patient.
- D. suggest diversionary activities like singing.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Allowing the child to practice on a doll can help reduce anxiety and prepare them for the procedure.
The Denver II assesses the development of children from birth to 6 years of age, it includes the following domains EXCEPT
- A. language
- B. intelligence
- C. gross motor
- D. personal-social
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The Denver II does not specifically assess intelligence.
Why should the nurse closely monitor a client to ensure that the venous access device remains in the vein during a transfusion?
- A. It minimizes the risk of phlebitis
- B. It minimizes the risk of circulatory overload
- C. It minimizes the risk of pulmonary
- D. It minimizes the risk of localized edema embolism
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Keeping the venous access device securely in the vein during a transfusion is important to minimize the risk of localized edema embolism. If the device dislodges and infiltrates into surrounding tissues, it can lead to localized swelling, pain, and potential complications such as tissue damage. Monitoring ensures proper placement and function of the device, reducing the risk of complications related to dislodgment.
The ductus arteriosus is another fetal structure that is important in the intrauterine life. It functions to:
- A. Shunts the combined cardiac output from the pulmonary artery to the aorta going to the lungs
- B. Shunts the combined cardiac output from the pulmonary artery to the systemic circulation
- C. Shunts the combined cardiac output from the aorta to the pulmonary artery and later to the pulmonary veins
- D. Shunts the combined cardiac output from the aorta to the pulmonary artery to the right ventricle 48
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The ductus arteriosus is a fetal blood vessel that connects the pulmonary artery to the aorta. Its main function is to bypass the non-functional fetal lungs by shunting blood from the pulmonary artery (which carries deoxygenated blood) directly to the systemic circulation, specifically the aorta. This allows oxygenated blood from the placenta to be distributed to the body's organs and tissues without having to first pass through the lungs for oxygen exchange. After birth, when the baby begins to breathe and oxygenate its blood through the lungs, the ductus arteriosus normally closes within the first few days to weeks of life.
A 10-mo-old boy has a left suprarenal mass. Surgery is accomplished with complete removal of the mass as well as the non-adherent lymph nodes; surgical biopsies are taken during surgery. The histology reveals poorly differentiated neuroblastoma with microscopic ipsilateral lymph nodes involvement. The contralateral lymph nodes are negative. Of the following, the BEST therapeutic approach for this infant is
- A. chemotherapy
- B. radiotherapy
- C. concomitant chemo-radiotherapy
- D. chemotherapy followed by radiotherapy
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Complete resection with microscopic residual disease typically warrants adjuvant chemotherapy.