Nokea
The buildup of bile pigment in tissues that can be caused by gallstones is _____.
- A. hyperbilirubinemia
- B. obstructive jaundice
- C. hepatitis
- D. hepatocellular jaundice
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: obstructive jaundice. Gallstones can obstruct the bile duct, leading to the buildup of bile pigment in tissues, causing jaundice. This results in the characteristic yellowing of the skin and eyes. Hyperbilirubinemia (A) refers to elevated levels of bilirubin in the blood, which can occur in various liver conditions. Hepatitis (C) is inflammation of the liver, which can also lead to jaundice but is not directly caused by gallstones. Hepatocellular jaundice (D) is due to liver cell damage, not bile duct obstruction.
You may also like to solve these questions
Which of the following structures forms a cavity or pocket between the layers of mesenteries?
- A. visceral pleura
- B. parietal pleura
- C. omental bursa
- D. retroperitoneum
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: omental bursa. The omental bursa is a potential space located behind the stomach and in front of the pancreas, forming a cavity or pocket between the layers of mesenteries. This structure allows for movement and accommodation of the stomach during digestion.
A: Visceral pleura and B: Parietal pleura are layers of the pleural membrane in the thoracic cavity, not related to mesenteries or cavity formation. D: Retroperitoneum refers to the space behind the peritoneum, not specifically forming a cavity or pocket between mesenteries.
The nurse is caring for a patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The patient asks about the best way to prevent respiratory infections. What is the nurse's best response?
- A. "Take a yearly flu shot and avoid crowds during flu season."
- B. "Increase your use of nebulizer treatments to keep your lungs clear."
- C. "Take vitamin C to boost your immune system."
- D. "Use an antibiotic regularly to prevent infections."
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step 1: The nurse's response should focus on preventing respiratory infections in a patient with COPD.
Step 2: Yearly flu shots are recommended to prevent influenza, a common trigger for respiratory infections in COPD.
Step 3: Avoiding crowds during flu season reduces exposure to pathogens, further preventing infections.
Step 4: Increasing nebulizer treatments does not directly prevent infections but may help manage COPD symptoms.
Step 5: Vitamin C may have some benefits but is not a primary preventive measure for respiratory infections in COPD.
Step 6: Regular antibiotic use is not recommended to prevent infections due to the risk of antibiotic resistance and potential side effects.
Conclusion: Option A is the best response as it includes evidence-based strategies to prevent respiratory infections in a patient with COPD.
The nurse is preparing to administer liquid laxative to a patient in preparation for a colonoscopy. Which action should the nurse take?
- A. Offer a small snack.
- B. Take the patient's temperature.
- C. Mix the laxative with orange juice.
- D. Chill the laxative and pour it over ice.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because chilling the laxative and pouring it over ice can help improve its taste and make it more palatable for the patient. This can encourage the patient to consume the laxative as needed for the colonoscopy preparation. Offering a small snack (choice A) may interfere with the effectiveness of the laxative. Taking the patient's temperature (choice B) is not relevant to administering a laxative. Mixing the laxative with orange juice (choice C) may alter its effectiveness and is not recommended.
Which tissue layer provides for primary digestive motility?
- A. Mucosa
- B. Submucosa
- C. Mesentery (a fold of tissue that attaches organs to the body wall)
- D. Muscularis Mucosa
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Muscularis Mucosa. This layer is responsible for primary digestive motility due to its smooth muscle fibers that contract to move food along the digestive tract. The other choices do not directly contribute to motility. A: Mucosa is the innermost layer involved in absorption. B: Submucosa provides support and contains blood vessels. C: Mesentery is a connective tissue that supports and attaches organs, but does not directly regulate motility.
Priority Decision: A patient returns to the surgical unit with a nasogastric (NG) tube to low intermittent suction, IV fluids, and a Jackson-Pratt drain at the surgical site following an exploratory laparotomy and repair of a bowel perforation. Four hours after admission, the patient experiences nausea and vomiting. What is a priority nursing intervention for the patient?
- A. Assess the abdomen for distention and bowel sounds.
- B. Inspect the surgical site and drainage in the Jackson-Pratt.
- C. Check the amount and character of gastric drainage and the patency of the NG tube.
- D. Administer prescribed prochlorperazine (Compazine) to control the nausea and vomiting.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Check the amount and character of gastric drainage and the patency of the NG tube. This is the priority nursing intervention because the patient is experiencing nausea and vomiting, which could indicate potential complications related to the NG tube, such as blockage or displacement. By checking the gastric drainage and NG tube patency, the nurse can assess if the patient's symptoms are related to these issues and take appropriate actions to address them.
Choice A is incorrect because assessing the abdomen for distention and bowel sounds is important but not the priority in this situation where the patient is experiencing nausea and vomiting. Choice B is incorrect as inspecting the surgical site and drainage in the Jackson-Pratt drain is also important but not as urgent as checking the NG tube patency in this case. Choice D is incorrect as administering medication should not be the first action taken without first assessing the underlying cause of the symptoms.