Questions Neurological System

Questions Neurological System Related

Review Questions Neurological System related questions and content

The causes of somatic system disorders may be related to:

  • A. faulty perceptions of body sensations.
  • B. traumatic childhood events.
  • C. culture-bound phenomena.
  • D. mood instability.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Step 1: Somatic system disorders involve physical symptoms with no apparent medical cause.
Step 2: Faulty perceptions of body sensations can lead to exaggerated or misinterpreted physical symptoms.
Step 3: This can result in somatic system disorders like hypochondriasis or somatic symptom disorder.
Step 4: Traumatic childhood events (choice B) may contribute to psychological disorders but are not specific to somatic system disorders.
Step 5: Culture-bound phenomena (choice C) and mood instability (choice D) are not primary causes of somatic system disorders.
Summary: The correct answer is A because faulty perceptions of body sensations can directly contribute to somatic system disorders, while the other choices are not directly related to the development of these disorders.

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Trace the flow of blood for a nephron.

  • A. peritubular capillaries, efferent arteriole, glomerulus, afferent arteriole
  • B. efferent arteriole, glomerulus, afferent arteriole, peritubular capillaries
  • C. afferent arteriole, glomerulus, efferent arteriole, peritubular capillaries
  • D. afferent arteriole, glomerulus, peritubular capillaries, efferent arteriole
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct sequence is afferent arteriole, glomerulus, efferent arteriole, and peritubular capillaries. Blood enters the nephron through the afferent arteriole, is filtered in the glomerulus, exits through the efferent arteriole, and then flows into the peritubular capillaries, where reabsorption and secretion occur. This pathway ensures efficient filtration and processing of blood in the kidneys.

The lateral spinothalamic tract:

  • A. carries fibres which terminate in the thalamus
  • B. contains mainly the second-order neurones.
  • C. carries fibres that carry information on temperature and pain
  • D. all above
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The lateral spinothalamic tract carries second-order neurons transmitting pain and temperature information to the thalamus. It is a critical pathway for sensory perception and is involved in relaying these sensations to higher brain centers.

Do neurons make synapses with other neurons?

  • A. No, the only role of neurons is to cause muscles to contract
  • B. No, neurons can enervate tissues other than muscle, but there is no need for them to enervate other neurons
  • C. Yes, neurons make contacts with other neurons that are identical to those they make with muscle cells
  • D. Yes, however, the connections neurons make with each other differ from those they make with muscle cells in that cell-cell adhesion molecules link the pre-synaptic and post-synaptic membranes together
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Neurons form synapses with other neurons to create complex neural circuits. These synapses differ from neuromuscular junctions in their structure and function, often involving specialized cell-cell adhesion molecules and signaling mechanisms that enable precise communication between neurons.

Which of these is the most important cause of adult onset epilepsy?

  • A. neurocysticercosis
  • B. neurotoxoplasmosis
  • C. primary amoebic meningoencephalitis
  • D. African trypanosomiasis
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: neurocysticercosis. Neurocysticercosis is the most common cause of adult onset epilepsy worldwide. It is caused by the larval stage of the tapeworm Taenia solium. The larvae can infect the brain and lead to seizures. Neurotoxoplasmosis (B) is more commonly associated with HIV patients. Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (C) is caused by the amoeba Naegleria fowleri and is rare. African trypanosomiasis (D) does not typically cause epilepsy. Therefore, neurocysticercosis is the most important cause of adult onset epilepsy due to its global prevalence and direct impact on the brain leading to seizures.

Quadriplegia or tetraplegia refers to paralysis involving what part(s) of the body?

  • A. all four limbs
  • B. the entire body
  • C. the legs and feet
  • D. the arms and hands
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Quadriplegia, also known as tetraplegia, refers to paralysis affecting all four limbs and typically the torso. It is usually caused by a spinal cord injury in the cervical region, which disrupts communication between the brain and the limbs.

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