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The cell membrane consists of a bilayer of phospholipids with proteins, cholesterol, and glycoproteins. This bilayer creates a hydrophobic region between two layers of lipids, making it which of the following?

  • A. Impermeable
  • B. Permeable
  • C. Selectively permeable
  • D. Selectively impermeable
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The cell membrane is composed of a phospholipid bilayer with proteins, cholesterol, and glycoproteins. This structure results in the creation of a hydrophobic region between the lipid layers. The cell membrane is termed 'selectively permeable' because it allows certain substances to pass through while restricting the passage of others, based on factors like size and charge. This property is essential for regulating the transport of ions and molecules in and out of the cell to maintain cellular function and homeostasis.

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What is the purpose of cellular respiration?

  • A. Enable fermentation
  • B. Produce enzymes
  • C. Produce oxygen molecules
  • D. Obtain energy in the form of ATP
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. The primary purpose of cellular respiration is to obtain energy in the form of ATP. During cellular respiration, glucose and other organic molecules are broken down to release energy in the form of ATP, which is crucial for various cellular functions and activities. This energy is used by cells to carry out processes such as growth, repair, movement, and maintaining homeostasis.

Lipids are better known as fats, but what are they specifically? (Select one that doesn't apply.)

  • A. Fatty acids
  • B. Phospholipids
  • C. Ketones
  • D. Steroids
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Lipids are a diverse group of molecules that include fatty acids, phospholipids, and steroids. Ketones, while important in metabolism, are not typically classified under lipids. Ketones are produced during the breakdown of fatty acids or amino acids, but they are not themselves lipids. Therefore, option C, Ketones, is the correct answer as it does not specifically fall under the category of lipids.

By what process do sex cells reproduce?

  • A. Cytokinesis.
  • B. Meiosis.
  • C. Mitosis.
  • D. Fission.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale:

Which of the following statements is false regarding cell structures?

  • A. Animal cells use lysosomes to break down old cells
  • B. Animal cells use chloroplasts to gain energy
  • C. Plant cells have a cell wall to maintain structure
  • D. All of the above are true
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The statement in option B is false because animal cells do not use chloroplasts to gain energy. Chloroplasts are found in plant cells and are responsible for photosynthesis, a process where plants convert light energy into chemical energy. Animal cells rely on mitochondria to produce energy through cellular respiration. Options A and C are true statements as lysosomes are responsible for breaking down old cells in animal cells, and plant cells have a cell wall to provide structural support.

What cellular appendage enables cells to move through their environments?

  • A. Flagellum
  • B. Cell membrane
  • C. Transport protein
  • D. Receptor
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The flagellum is a whip-like appendage found in certain cells like sperm cells and some bacteria, enabling them to move through their environments. It plays a crucial role in locomotion by allowing cells to swim or propel themselves in liquids, aiding in their movement and navigation.

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