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The charge nurse is making assignments for a group of clients on a medical unit. When reviewing the acuity of the clients, the charge nurse assigns the RN to the clients with higher acuity levels. Why would the charge nurse assign the RN to the clients with a higher acuity?
- A. LPNs do not understand how to care for clients with complex disorders.
- B. Assigning an LPN would allow them to provide care out of their scope of practice.
- C. Higher acuity clients may request the services of an RN versus other care providers.
- D. A higher acuity client requires a greater need for highly skilled care.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Generally, higher acuity requires a greater need for highly skilled care. Clients with complicated or high-risk surgery, massive trauma, or critical illness will be cared for in an acute care hospital, where a high level of professional, skilled, and technological care is available. RNs are instrumental in caring for these clients. LPNs may understand how to care for clients with complex disorders, but RNs are instrumental in the client care. Clients generally do not request care by a specific provider; nurses with different levels of education perform various care activities.
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The RN is assuming all of the care for a small group of clients, and an LPN is assigned to another group of clients with a lower acuity. What type of nursing is this considered?
- A. Total client care
- B. Team nursing
- C. Functional nursing
- D. Primary care nursing
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Total client care refers to assignments in which a nurse assumes all the care for a small group of clients. Team nursing are teams made up of an RN team leader, other RNs, LPN/LVNs, and nursing assistants, and they provide care to a group of clients. Functional nursing is a task-oriented method of nursing. Primary care nursing is when an RN assumes 24-hour accountability for the client's care and has total responsibility for the nursing care of assigned clients during a shift.
A client arrives at the physician's clinic in order to receive care for a cough and fever. What type of healthcare institute classification is this client attending?
- A. Short stay
- B. Acute care
- C. Long-term care
- D. In-and-out care
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: In in-and-out care, contact with the client is measured in minutes versus hours. Typical examples are office visits, emergency department visits, and therapy sessions with in-and-out care. Short stays provides care to clients who suffer from acute conditions or need treatments that require fewer than 24 hours of care and monitoring. Long-term care provides care to residents for the remainder of their lives. Acute care traditionally occurs in hospitals where clients stay more than 24 hours.
Which of the following describes the goal of alternative care facilities?
- A. An RN and one or more assistive personnel care for a group of clients.
- B. An RN assumes all care for a small group of clients.
- C. There is 24-hour accountability by an RN.
- D. The facility provides the least restrictive living arrangement.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The goal of alternative care facilities is to provide the least restrictive living arrangement while maintaining safety and quality. Patient-focused care uses an RN partnered with one or more assistive personnel to care for a group of clients. Total care refers to assignments in which a nurse assumes all the care for a small group of clients. In primary nursing, an RN assumes 24-hour accountability for the client's care and has total responsibility for the nursing care of assigned clients during the shift.
Which type of length of stay includes emergency department visits?
- A. Long-term care
- B. Acute care
- C. Short stay
- D. In-and-out care
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: An example of in-and-out care is an emergency department visit. Long-term care provides care to residents for the remainder of their lives. Acute care occurs in hospitals where clients stay more than 24 hours but less than 30 days. Short stay provides care to clients who suffer from acute conditions or need treatments that entail less than 24 hours of care and monitoring.
Which nursing theorist stated that clients are open systems in constant interaction with their environment?
- A. Florence Nightingale
- B. Virginia Henderson
- C. Imogene King
- D. Dorothea Orem
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Imogene King stated that clients are open systems in constant interaction with their environment. Florence Nightingale described the role of the nurse as putting 'the patient in the best condition for nature to act upon him.' Virginia Henderson envisioned the nurse's role as helping people (sick or well) to carry out activities contributing to health, recovery, or a peaceful death that they would do for themselves if they had the necessary strength, will, or knowledge. Dorothea Orem was a proponent of the self-care deficit theory.