Neurological System Questions

Neurological System Questions Related

Review Neurological System Questions related questions and content

What central fiber tract connects forebrain and brain stem structures with the hypothalamus?

  • A. cardiac accelerator nerve
  • B. medial forebrain bundle
  • C. dorsal longitudinal fasciculus
  • D. corticospinal tract
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: medial forebrain bundle. This tract connects the forebrain and brain stem structures with the hypothalamus, playing a crucial role in regulating various physiological functions. It is involved in the control of emotions, reward pathways, and feeding behaviors. The other choices are incorrect because: A) cardiac accelerator nerve is involved in regulating heart rate, not connecting forebrain structures with the hypothalamus; C) dorsal longitudinal fasciculus is associated with eye movements and visual processing, not connecting forebrain with the hypothalamus; D) corticospinal tract is responsible for voluntary motor movements, not involved in connecting forebrain structures with the hypothalamus.

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A client is monitored for complications after having surgery to repair a fracture. Which of the following symptoms would indicate an arterial obstruction in the affected area?

  • A. Rapid capillary refill
  • B. Warm skin
  • C. Cool skin
  • D. Numbness
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Cool skin suggests reduced blood flow, indicating arterial obstruction.

The action potential of a neuron

  • A. is initiated by efflux of Na+
  • B. is terminated by efflux of K+
  • C. declines in amplitude as it moves along the axon
  • D. results in a transient reversal of the concentration gradient of Na+ across the cell membrane
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The action potential is initiated by the influx of Na+ through voltage-gated sodium channels, causing depolarization. It is terminated by the efflux of K+ through voltage-gated potassium channels, leading to repolarization. The action potential does not decline in amplitude as it propagates along the axon (all-or-none principle), and there is a net movement of Na+ and K+ across the membrane during the process.

A woman wears a size 7 shoe. She says, My feet are huge. I've asked three orthopedists to surgically reduce my feet. The patient tries to buy shoes to make her feet look smaller and, in social settings, conceals both feet under a table or chair. Which health problem is likely?

  • A. Dissociative amnesia with fugue
  • B. Illness anxiety disorder
  • C. Body dysmorphic disorder
  • D. Dissociative identity disorder
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Body dysmorphic disorder. This disorder involves a preoccupation with perceived flaws in physical appearance that are not observable to others. In this case, the woman's belief that her feet are huge despite wearing a size 7 shoe indicates a distorted body image. She seeks surgical interventions and hides her feet, which are characteristic behaviors of individuals with body dysmorphic disorder.

A: Dissociative amnesia with fugue involves memory loss and wandering behavior, which are not exhibited in this scenario.
B: Illness anxiety disorder involves excessive worry about having a serious illness, which is not the focus of the woman's concern.
D: Dissociative identity disorder involves the presence of two or more distinct identities or personality states, which is not evident in this case.

The nurse will document which reflex is present when there is dorsiflexion of the great toe with fanning of other toes?

  • A. Brudzinski
  • B. Babinski (damage to the corticospinal tracts)
  • C. Trousseaus
  • D. Kernigs
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The Babinski reflex, characterized by dorsiflexion of the great toe and fanning of the other toes, is abnormal in adults and indicates damage to the corticospinal tract. This reflex is normal in infants but disappears as the nervous system matures. Its presence in adults suggests neurological pathology.

Which chronic neurologic disorder involves a deficiency of the neurotransmitters acetylcholine and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the basal ganglia and extrapyramidal system?

  • A. Myasthenia gravis
  • B. Parkinson's disease
  • C. Huntington's disease
  • D. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Parkinson's disease is characterized by deficiencies of acetylcholine and GABA

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