Nokea
The child's ability to understand consequences develops during
- A. Sensorimotor
- B. Preoperational
- C. Concrete operational
- D. Formal operational
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Understanding consequences, tied to logical thinking, develops in the concrete operational stage (Piaget).
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Your patient, who has reported domestic violence, now tells you she is going home with her husband because he has apologized and says he is taking her to Hawaii on a romantic vacation. Which statement best helps you understand her actions?
- A. Her husband has received treatment for anger management.
- B. This is the honeymoon phase of the abuse cycle.
- C. This is the resolution phase of the family crisis.
- D. She mistakenly reported domestic violence.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The honeymoon phase is part of the domestic violence cycle when the abuser shows repentance for his violence. The patient remains hopeful, but without treatment the cycle will continue.
Which of the following approaches is most likely to address patients' and families' concerns about perceived racial disparities in clinical care and research?
- A. Emphasize that race has no bearing on health care
- B. Assure patients that all medications and treatments have established safety and efficacy in all race/ethnic groups
- C. Openly discuss established differences among race/ethnic groups related to treatment and areas where differences may exist but remain unknown
- D. Limit opportunities for patients to speak to family members and friends about their concerns
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Transparent discussion builds trust by acknowledging disparities.
With growing age motivation reduces naturally
- A. Extrinsic
- B. Frequent
- C. Intrinsic
- D. Concentrated
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Intrinsic motivation declines with age due to priority shifts.
The theorist who believes in social constructivism is
- A. Sigmund Freud
- B. Carl Rogers
- C. Lev Vygotsky
- D. Erik Erikson
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Lev Vygotsky's social constructivism emphasizes learning through social interaction.
A patient has smoked two packs of cigarettes daily for many years. When the patient does not smoke or tries to cut back, anxiety, craving, poor concentration, and headache result. What does this scenario describe?
- A. Substance abuse
- B. Substance intoxication
- C. Substance dependence
- D. Recreational use of a social drug
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Substance dependence. This scenario describes a pattern of symptoms indicative of substance dependence, which includes tolerance, withdrawal symptoms when trying to cut back, unsuccessful attempts to quit, and continued use despite negative consequences. The patient's reliance on cigarettes to manage anxiety, craving, poor concentration, and headache indicates a psychological and physical dependence on nicotine.
A: Substance abuse typically involves harmful use of a substance but does not necessarily include physiological dependence.
B: Substance intoxication refers to the immediate effects of a substance in the body, not the long-term pattern of dependence.
D: Recreational use of a social drug implies occasional and non-regular use, which does not align with the described scenario of chronic, daily smoking leading to withdrawal symptoms.