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You are running a caregiver support group for those who are caring for a person with impaired cognition related to Alzheimer's disease. You are planning a session on the stages of Alzheimer's disease, its progression and some useful helpful tips for these participating care givers. Which of the following elements should you include in this session?
- A. According to the Global Deterioration Scale, clients in the first stage of Alzheimer's disease tend to cover up their failing abilities
- B. According to the Reisberg Scale, clients in the first stage of Alzheimer's disease tend to cover up their failing abilities
- C. According to the Global Deterioration Scale, clients in the third stage of Alzheimer's disease tend to cover up their failing abilities
- D. According to the Reisberg Scale, clients in the fourth stage of Alzheimer's disease tend to cover up their failing abilities
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The Global Deterioration Scale (A) notes denial in stage 1.
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The nurse is concerned that a depressed client may be displaying a nonverbal suicidal threat when he presents another client with his favorite shirt as a 'gift.' The nurse's initial intervention is to:
- A. Place the client on suicide precautions including 15-minute checks.
- B. Ask the client if he is experiencing suicidal ideations with a plan to hurt himself.
- C. Support the client by telling him that he will need the shirt when he's discharged.
- D. Document that the client has shown behaviors that are likely subtle suicide threats.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because asking the client directly about suicidal ideations with a plan to hurt himself is the most immediate and appropriate intervention to assess the client's safety. This approach allows the nurse to directly address the potential risk of suicide and initiate appropriate interventions if necessary. Placing the client on suicide precautions (choice A) without assessing the client's thoughts may be premature and intrusive. Supporting the client about the shirt (choice C) does not address the underlying concern of suicidal behavior. Simply documenting the behavior (choice D) without taking immediate action to assess and address the risk is insufficient in ensuring the client's safety.
Which of the following statements is correct regarding identifying patients at risk for HIV infection?
- A. All patients should be considered as being at risk for HIV infection
- B. Only homosexual patients should be considered at risk for HIV infection
- C. Only patients who use intravenous drugs should be considered at risk for HIV infection
- D. A monogamous heterosexual woman is not considered at risk for HIV infection
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: HIV risk is not limited to specific groups; universal screening is recommended.
Which nursing intervention is directed toward one of the aims of primary preventive psychiatric nursing care?
- A. Counseling both physical and sexual abuse victims
- B. Providing stress management classes to new parents
- C. Screening senior citizens for both acute and chronic depression
- D. Arranging for clients to be transported to area Alcoholics Anonymous meetings
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because providing stress management classes to new parents aligns with primary preventive psychiatric nursing care, which aims to prevent mental health issues before they occur. This intervention promotes mental wellness by teaching coping skills and reducing stressors. Counseling abuse victims (A) is secondary prevention, addressing existing mental health issues. Screening for depression in senior citizens (C) is tertiary prevention, aimed at early detection and treatment of mental health conditions. Arranging transportation to Alcoholics Anonymous meetings (D) is also secondary prevention, targeting individuals with existing substance abuse problems.
A patient comes to an outpatient appointment obviously intoxicated. The nurse should:
- A. explore the patient’s reasons for drinking today.
- B. arrange admission to an inpatient psychiatric unit.
- C. coordinate emergency admission to a detoxification unit.
- D. tell the patient, 'We cannot see you today because you’ve been drinking.'
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for Answer D (Correct):
1. Safety first: Intoxicated patients can be a safety risk to themselves and others.
2. Ethical responsibility: Providing care to an intoxicated patient may compromise the quality of care.
3. Setting boundaries: Communicating that the appointment cannot proceed due to intoxication sets a clear boundary.
4. Referral assistance: The patient can be directed to appropriate resources for help with substance abuse.
Summary of why other choices are incorrect:
A (explore reasons): Not appropriate when patient is intoxicated. B (inpatient unit): Premature without assessing the situation. C (detox unit): Immediate detox may not be necessary.
The theorist who believes in social constructivism is
- A. Sigmund Freud
- B. Carl Rogers
- C. Lev Vygotsky
- D. Erik Erikson
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Lev Vygotsky's social constructivism emphasizes learning through social interaction.