Nokea
The child's ability to use language develops during
- A. Sensorimotor
- B. Preoperational
- C. Concrete operational
- D. Formal operational
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Language development accelerates in the preoperational stage (Piaget) with symbolic thought.
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How should physicians respond to working professionals, in comparison to unemployed or low-income patients?
- A. Physicians should be more flexible with scheduling low-income patients
- B. Patients from professional occupations should be afforded greater respect
- C. Physicians should promote patients' health regardless of their socioeconomic status
- D. Physicians should fulfill the requests of other working professionals without hesitation
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Equal treatment promotes health equity, ensuring care is based on need, not socioeconomic status.
The theorist associated with zone of proximal development is
- A. Jean Piaget
- B. Erik Erikson
- C. Lev Vygotsky
- D. John Dewey
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Vygotsky's zone of proximal development defines learning potential with guidance.
According to the 'Self Determination Theory' of Ryan and Deci (2000), life satisfaction derives from the fulfillment of three fundamental psychological needs. These are autonomy, relatedness, and:
- A. Success
- B. Love
- C. Excellence
- D. Competence
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Self-Determination Theory (Ryan & Deci, 2000) includes autonomy, relatedness, and competence.
A nurse with a history of narcotic dependence is found unconscious in the hospital locker room after overdosing. The nurse is transferred to the inpatient chemical dependence unit for care. Which attitudes or behaviors by nursing staff may be enabling?
- A. Conveying understanding that pressures associated with nursing practice underlie substance use.
- B. Pointing out that work problems are the result, but not the cause, of substance dependence.
- C. Conveying empathy when the nurse discusses fears of disciplinary action by the state board of nursing.
- D. Providing health teaching about stress management.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because conveying understanding that pressures associated with nursing practice underlie substance use may enable the nurse's behavior by justifying or excusing the substance dependence. This attitude may inadvertently support the nurse's addiction by overlooking the need for accountability and treatment.
Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because:
B: Pointing out that work problems are the result, but not the cause, of substance dependence does not enable the behavior. It acknowledges the issue without excusing or enabling it.
C: Conveying empathy when the nurse discusses fears of disciplinary action by the state board of nursing is not enabling behavior. It shows support and understanding without condoning the substance misuse.
D: Providing health teaching about stress management is not enabling behavior. It focuses on addressing the underlying issues rather than enabling or excusing the substance dependence.
The nurse is participating in the planning of care for a patient who has HIV. Which therapeutic action should the nurse recognize as the treatment goal for HIV?
- A. Stimulating the immune system
- B. Treating opportunistic infections
- C. Killing the virus with medication
- D. Keeping the virus from replicating
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Keeping the virus from replicating. The primary treatment goal for HIV is to maintain an undetectable viral load by inhibiting viral replication through antiretroviral therapy. This helps to prevent progression to AIDS and reduces the risk of transmission.
A: Stimulating the immune system is not the primary goal as HIV specifically targets and weakens the immune system.
B: Treating opportunistic infections is important but not the primary goal; it's a consequence of HIV-related immune suppression.
C: Killing the virus with medication is not entirely possible due to HIV's ability to integrate into host DNA; the focus is on viral suppression to prevent replication.