Nokea
The child's ability to use language develops during
- A. Sensorimotor
- B. Preoperational
- C. Concrete operational
- D. Formal operational
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Language development accelerates in the preoperational stage (Piaget) with symbolic thought.
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When a person first begins drinking alcohol, two drinks produce relaxation and drowsiness. After 1 year, four drinks are needed to achieve the same relaxed, drowsy state. Why does this change occur?
- A. The alcohol is less potent.
- B. Tolerance develops.
- C. Antagonistic effects occur.
- D. Hypomagnesemia develops.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Tolerance develops. Tolerance occurs when the body adapts to repeated exposure to alcohol, requiring higher doses to achieve the same effect. Initially, two drinks were sufficient, but over time, the body adjusts, leading to the need for four drinks to achieve the same level of relaxation and drowsiness. This change is not due to the alcohol being less potent (A), antagonistic effects (C), or hypomagnesemia (D). Tolerance is a well-documented phenomenon in the context of alcohol consumption, explaining the increased amount needed to achieve the desired effect.
Which of the following best describes a social gambler?
- A. Someone who gambles for the heightened thrill and needs higher bets to achieve the same feeling.
- B. Gambles for fun during new year gatherings.
- C. Believes gambling is a way to make money, similar to financial investment.
- D. Steals money to feed the gambling habit.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Social gambling is casual, recreational, and often tied to social events like New Year gatherings, without significant negative consequences.
Which statement about Respondeat Superior is accurate?
- A. Respondeat Superior does not mean that a nurse cannot be held liable.
- B. Respondeat Superior does not mean that a nurse cannot be held libel.
- C. Respondeat Superior is an ethical principle.
- D. Respondeat Superior is a law.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Respondeat Superior holds employers liable but does not absolve employees of liability.
A patient admitted to an alcoholism rehabilitation program says, 'I’m just a social drinker. I usually have a drink or two at brunch, a few cocktails in the afternoon, wine at dinner, and several drinks during the evening.' Which defense mechanism is evident?
- A. Rationalization
- B. Introjection
- C. Projection
- D. Denial
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Denial. The patient's statement reflects denial as they are minimizing their alcohol consumption by categorizing it as normal social drinking. Denial is a defense mechanism where a person refuses to acknowledge a reality or truth to protect themselves from anxiety or discomfort. In this scenario, the patient is not accepting the reality of their excessive drinking habits.
Explanation for other choices:
A: Rationalization - This defense mechanism involves justifying behavior with logical reasoning. The patient is not providing logical reasoning for their drinking habits.
B: Introjection - This defense mechanism involves internalizing external beliefs or values. The patient's statement does not indicate internalizing external beliefs.
C: Projection - This defense mechanism involves attributing one's unacceptable thoughts or emotions to others. The patient is not projecting their drinking habits onto others.
Name three common tricyclic antidepressants.
- A. Amitriptyline (Elavil)
- B. Imipramine (Tofranil)
- C. Nortriptyline (Pamelor)
- D. Palpitations
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step 1: Identify tricyclic antidepressants as a class of medications.
Step 2: Recognize Amitriptyline, Imipramine, and Nortriptyline as commonly prescribed tricyclic antidepressants.
Step 3: Eliminate "Palpitations" as it is not a tricyclic antidepressant.
Step 4: Choose Amitriptyline (Elavil) as the correct answer due to its classification as a tricyclic antidepressant and common use in clinical practice.