Nokea
The client is diagnosed with tuberculosis and prescribed rifampin and isoniazid (INH), both antituberculosis medications. Which instruction is most important for the public health nurse to discuss with the client?
- A. The client will have to take the medications for nine (9) to 12 months.
- B. The client will have to stay in isolation as long as he or she is taking medications.
- C. Explain the client cannot eat any type of pork products while taking the medication.
- D. The urine may turn turquoise in color, but this is an expected occurrence and harmless.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: TB treatment requires 9–12 months for cure, ensuring adherence is critical to prevent resistance, a public health priority. Isolation, pork, or urine color are incorrect or less urgent.
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The nurse is assessing a 7 year-old after several days of treatment for a documented strep throat. Which of the following statements suggests that further teaching is needed?
- A. Sometimes I take my medicine with fruit juice.'
- B. My mother makes me take my medicine right after school.'
- C. Sometimes I take the pills in the morning and other times at night.'
- D. I am feeling much better than I did last week.'
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Sometimes I take the pills in the morning and other times at night.' Inconsistency in taking the prescribed medication indicates more teaching is needed.
The client diagnosed with Parkinson's disease is taking levodopa (L-dopa) and is experiencing an 'on/off' effect. Which action should the nurse take regarding this medication?
- A. Document the occurrence and take no action.
- B. Request the HCP to increase the dose of medication.
- C. Discuss the client's imminent death as a result of this complication.
- D. Explain this is a desired effect of the medication.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The on/off effect is a known levodopa issue; documenting monitors progression without immediate action. Increasing dose, death discussions, or calling it desired are incorrect.
The female nurse realizes she did not administer a medication on time to the client diagnosed with a myocardial infarction. Which action should the nurse implement?
- A. Administer the medication and take no further action.
- B. Notify the director of nurses of the medication error.
- C. Complete a medication error report form.
- D. Report the error to the Peer Review Committee.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A medication error requires completing an error report per facility policy to ensure tracking and quality improvement, especially for MI patients.
The employee health nurse is discussing hepatitis B vaccines with new employees. Which statement best describes the proper administration of the hepatitis B vaccine?
- A. The vaccine must be administered once a year.
- B. Two (2) mL of vaccine should be given in each hip.
- C. The vaccine is given in three (3) doses over a six (6)-month time period.
- D. The vaccine is administered intradermally into the deltoid muscle.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Hepatitis B vaccine is given in three IM doses (0, 1, 6 months), per CDC guidelines. Annual dosing, split doses, or intradermal routes are incorrect.
The client diagnosed with epilepsy is being discharged from the hospital with a prescription for phenytoin (Dilantin) by mouth. Which discharge instructions should the nurse discuss with the client?
- A. The client should purchase a self-monitoring Dilantin machine.
- B. The client should see the dentist at least every six (6) months.
- C. The client should never drive when taking this medication.
- D. The client should drink no more than one (1) glass of wine a day.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Phenytoin causes gingival hyperplasia; regular dental visits prevent complications. No self-monitoring machines exist, driving bans are not absolute, and alcohol limits are secondary.