Cardiovascular System Exam Questions Pdf

Cardiovascular System Exam Questions Pdf Related

Review Cardiovascular System Exam Questions Pdf related questions and content

The client on nitroglycerin patches reports dizziness when standing up. What is the nurse's best response?

  • A. Advise the client to rise slowly to prevent dizziness.
  • B. Instruct the client to discontinue the nitroglycerin patches.
  • C. Encourage the client to rest and avoid physical activity.
  • D. Suggest the client take an over-the-counter antiemetic.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct response is A: Advise the client to rise slowly to prevent dizziness. Nitroglycerin patches can cause orthostatic hypotension, leading to dizziness when standing up quickly. By advising the client to rise slowly, the nurse can help prevent a sudden drop in blood pressure and reduce the risk of dizziness and falls. This response promotes client safety and addresses the underlying cause of the symptom.

Choices B, C, and D are incorrect:
B: Instructing the client to discontinue nitroglycerin patches is not appropriate without consulting the healthcare provider. Abruptly stopping nitroglycerin can lead to serious complications.
C: Encouraging the client to rest and avoid physical activity does not address the issue of orthostatic hypotension caused by nitroglycerin patches.
D: Suggesting an over-the-counter antiemetic is not indicated for dizziness related to orthostatic hypotension. It does not address the underlying cause

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The client is on enalapril (Vasotec) for hypertension. What side effect is most commonly associated with this medication?

  • A. Dry cough
  • B. Hypotension
  • C. Hyperkalemia
  • D. Headache
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Dry cough. Enalapril is an ACE inhibitor, which commonly causes a dry cough due to increased bradykinin levels. This side effect is well-documented in literature and can lead to medication non-adherence. Other choices (B) Hypotension, (C) Hyperkalemia, and (D) Headache are potential side effects of enalapril but are not as commonly associated as dry cough. Hypotension and hyperkalemia are more serious adverse effects that require monitoring, while headache is a less common side effect compared to dry cough.

A client on a beta blocker has a blood pressure of 90/60 mm Hg. What is the nurse's priority action?

  • A. Hold the beta blocker and notify the healthcare provider.
  • B. Administer the beta blocker as ordered.
  • C. Administer a diuretic to reduce blood pressure.
  • D. Continue to monitor the client and reassess in 30 minutes.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Hold the beta blocker and notify the healthcare provider. A blood pressure of 90/60 mm Hg is considered low and may be a sign of hypotension, which can be a serious side effect of beta blockers. Holding the medication and notifying the healthcare provider is the priority action to prevent further complications. Administering the beta blocker (choice B) can worsen the hypotension. Administering a diuretic (choice C) may further lower the blood pressure. Continuing to monitor and reassess (choice D) is not appropriate in this situation as immediate action is needed due to the low blood pressure reading.

Which of the following is a chronic condition where the heart muscle is weakened and unable to pump blood effectively, often leading to heart failure?

  • A. Dilated cardiomyopathy
  • B. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
  • C. Restrictive cardiomyopathy
  • D. Myocarditis
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Rationale:
1. Dilated cardiomyopathy (A) is characterized by the heart muscle becoming weak and enlarged, leading to ineffective pumping.
2. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (B) involves thickened heart muscle but not necessarily weakened.
3. Restrictive cardiomyopathy (C) involves stiffening of the heart muscle, not necessarily weakening.
4. Myocarditis (D) is inflammation of the heart muscle, not specifically related to chronic weakening and heart failure.
Therefore, A is the correct answer as it directly relates to the weakened heart muscle leading to ineffective pumping and heart failure.

The client on warfarin has an INR of 4.5. What is the most appropriate action by the nurse?

  • A. Administer vitamin K.
  • B. Hold the next dose of warfarin.
  • C. Increase the dose of warfarin.
  • D. Monitor the client's INR closely.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Administer vitamin K. When a client on warfarin has an INR of 4.5, it indicates over-anticoagulation, putting them at risk of bleeding. Vitamin K helps reverse the effects of warfarin by promoting clotting factors. Administering vitamin K will lower the INR back into the therapeutic range. Holding the next dose of warfarin (B) is not enough to rapidly reverse the effects. Increasing the dose of warfarin (C) would worsen the over-anticoagulation. Monitoring the INR closely (D) is important but not the immediate action needed for a high INR.

What is a condition where the blood supply to the brain is interrupted or reduced, preventing brain tissue from getting oxygen and nutrients?

  • A. Stroke
  • B. Transient ischemic attack (TIA)
  • C. Myocardial infarction
  • D. Angina
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Stroke. A stroke occurs when the blood supply to the brain is interrupted or reduced, leading to a lack of oxygen and nutrients to brain tissue. This can result in brain cell damage or death. A transient ischemic attack (TIA) is a temporary interruption of blood flow to the brain with similar symptoms but resolves quickly without causing permanent damage. Myocardial infarction is a heart attack caused by blockage of blood flow to the heart muscle, not the brain. Angina is chest pain due to reduced blood flow to the heart, not the brain. Thus, only a stroke directly involves the interruption of blood supply to the brain, making it the correct answer.

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