Cardiovascular System Exam

Cardiovascular System Exam Related

Review Cardiovascular System Exam related questions and content

The client on spironolactone should avoid which of the following?

  • A. Foods high in potassium
  • B. Foods high in sodium
  • C. Foods high in calcium
  • D. Foods high in chloride
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Foods high in potassium. Spironolactone is a potassium-sparing diuretic that can increase potassium levels in the body. Consuming foods high in potassium while taking spironolactone can lead to hyperkalemia, a serious condition characterized by high levels of potassium in the blood. The other choices (B: Foods high in sodium, C: Foods high in calcium, D: Foods high in chloride) are not directly contraindicated with spironolactone use. Sodium intake is typically restricted in patients taking diuretics, but it is not specifically related to spironolactone. Calcium and chloride levels are not significantly affected by spironolactone, so foods high in these minerals do not need to be avoided.

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If Mr. Lane, with essential hypertension, complains of dizziness when changing position, your evaluation would be that Mr. Lane

  • A. is probably not taking his medications properly
  • B. should be instructed in preventing hypotensive reactions
  • C. is responding as expected to the prescribed medications
  • D. should be totally reevaluated
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Dizziness may indicate postural hypotension, requiring preventive education.

What is a condition characterized by an abnormal buildup of fluid between the layers of tissue lining the lungs and chest cavity?

  • A. Pleural effusion
  • B. Pulmonary edema
  • C. Atelectasis
  • D. Sarcoidosis
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Pleural effusion is the correct answer because it specifically describes the abnormal buildup of fluid between the layers of tissue lining the lungs and chest cavity. This condition can cause symptoms like chest pain and difficulty breathing. Pulmonary edema, on the other hand, is the accumulation of fluid in the lung's air sacs, leading to breathing difficulties. Atelectasis refers to the collapse of a lung or a portion of it, not fluid buildup. Sarcoidosis is a disease that causes inflammation in various organs, not specifically fluid accumulation in the lungs. Therefore, pleural effusion best matches the described condition.

Which of the following is the result of central nervous system manifestations?

  • A. Congestive heart failure
  • B. Chorea
  • C. Valve damage
  • D. Pericarditis
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Chorea, a neurological condition, can be associated with rheumatic fever affecting the central nervous system.

To assess whether Mr. Young's synchronous pacemaker is working properly, which statement do you need to remember about a synchronous pacemaker?

  • A. His pacemaker will fire regardless of Mr. Young's own spontaneous heart rate
  • B. His pacemaker will fire only when his own heart rate drops below 72 beats per minute
  • C. If his pacemaker does not fire 72 times every minute, it is not working properly
  • D. This type of pacemaker can precipitate ventricular fibrillation because of its increased chance of firing on the T wave
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Demand pacemakers fire only when needed.

Which of the following conditions is characterized by inflammation of the heart muscle, often due to a viral infection, leading to impaired heart function?

  • A. Myocarditis
  • B. Endocarditis
  • C. Pericarditis
  • D. Cardiomyopathy
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Myocarditis is the correct answer because it specifically refers to inflammation of the heart muscle often caused by a viral infection, leading to impaired heart function. It directly addresses the condition described in the question. Endocarditis is inflammation of the inner lining of the heart chambers and valves, not the heart muscle. Pericarditis is inflammation of the outer lining of the heart, not the heart muscle. Cardiomyopathy is a general term for diseases of the heart muscle that impair its ability to pump blood, but it does not specifically mention inflammation caused by viral infections.

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