Nokea
The ________ ________ consists of glands that secrete hormones:
- A. nervous system
- B. immune system
- C. endocrine system
- D. cerebral cortex
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The endocrine system consists of glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream to regulate various bodily functions, such as metabolism, growth, and reproduction. Key glands include the pituitary, thyroid, and adrenal glands. Hormones act as chemical messengers, influencing target organs and tissues to maintain homeostasis. The endocrine system works closely with the nervous system to coordinate the body's responses to internal and external changes.
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A patient who had a below-the-knee amputation is to be fitted with a temporary prosthesis. It is most important for the nurse to teach the patient to do what?
- A. Inspect the residual limb daily for irritation.
- B. Apply an elastic shrinker before applying the prosthesis.
- C. Perform range-of-motion (ROM) exercises to the affected leg four times a day.
- D. Apply alcohol to the residual limb every morning and evening to toughen the skin.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Shrinkers help mold the residual limb for the prosthesis.
Injury to which segment of the spine results in damage to the chest and abdominal muscles?
- A. cervical
- B. thoracic
- C. lumbar
- D. sacral
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Injury to the thoracic spine (T1-T12) can affect the chest and abdominal muscles, as this region of the spinal cord controls motor and sensory functions for the upper body. Damage here can lead to paralysis or weakness in these areas.
Which of the following can NOT be prevented with a vaccine?
- A. tetanus
- B. pneumococcal meningitis
- C. meningococcal meningitis
- D. listeriosis
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: listeriosis. Listeriosis is caused by a bacterium and there is currently no vaccine available for it. Tetanus, pneumococcal meningitis, and meningococcal meningitis, on the other hand, are all preventable with vaccines. Tetanus is prevented by the DTaP vaccine, pneumococcal meningitis by the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, and meningococcal meningitis by the meningococcal vaccine. Therefore, listeriosis is the only condition among the options that cannot be prevented with a vaccine.
Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding amphibian and mammalian visual systems?
- A. In frog tadpole, neurons from retina project from the left retina to the right optic tectum
- B. Mammalian superior colliculus is analogous to the amphibian optic tectum
- C. In both frog tadpole and mammals, half of the neurons project to the lateral geniculate nuclei (LGN) from the same side; the other half project to LGN on the opposite side
- D. Amphibian neurons from dorsal retina project to lateral side of the tectum
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The statement that half of the neurons project to the lateral geniculate nuclei (LGN) from the same side in both frog tadpoles and mammals is false. In mammals, most retinal neurons project contralaterally, while in amphibians, the projection pattern is more complex and varies by species. This highlights differences in visual system organization between these groups.
When is a fat embolism most likely to occur?
- A. 24 to 48 hours following a fractured tibia
- B. 36 to 72 hours following a skull fracture
- C. 4 to 5 days following a fractured femur
- D. 5 to 6 days following a pelvic fracture
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Fat embolism is most common after tibial fractures within 24-48 hours.