Nokea
The coronary vessels, unlike any other blood vessels in the body, respond to sympathetic stimulation by
- A. Vasoconstriction
- B. Vasodilatation
- C. Decreases force of contractility
- D. Decreases cardiac output
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The coronary vessels are unique because they respond to sympathetic stimulation with vasodilatation, unlike most other blood vessels which constrict. Sympathetic stimulation activates the fight-or-flight response, increasing heart rate and oxygen demand. To meet this demand, the coronary arteries dilate to supply more blood to the heart muscle. Vasoconstriction (A) is incorrect as it would reduce blood flow, countering the heart's needs during stress. Decreases in force of contractility (C) or cardiac output (D) are unrelated to the vascular response and pertain more to myocardial function, not the coronary vessels' behavior. This vasodilatation is mediated by beta-adrenergic receptors, ensuring adequate perfusion during heightened activity, making B the correct choice.
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Which of the following statement is TRUE about palliative care?
- A. Palliative care is given only on Hospice setting
- B. Palliative care is given only to cancer clients
- C. Palliative care improves quality of life
- D. Palliative care is offered only when the client's condition is irreversible
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Palliative care improves quality of life (C), per its goal managing symptoms, enhancing comfort. It's not hospice-only (A), not cancer-specific (B), and applies beyond irreversible states (D) available at any serious illness stage. C's universal truth aligns with palliative principles, making it correct.
An 8-year-old admitted with an upper-respiratory infection has an order for O2 saturation via pulse oximeter. To ensure an accurate reading, the nurse should:
- A. Place the probe on the child's abdomen
- B. Recalibrate the oximeter at the beginning of each shift
- C. Apply the probe and wait 15 minutes before obtaining a reading
- D. Place the probe on the child's finger
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Placing the pulse oximeter probe on the finger ensures an accurate oxygen saturation reading in an 8-year-old, as peripheral sites like fingers provide reliable arterial pulsation data. The abdomen isn't suitable, recalibration isn't routine, and waiting 15 minutes delays care unnecessarily. Nurses use this technique for quick, precise monitoring, critical in respiratory infections to guide oxygen therapy.
A patient has just received 30 mg of codeine by mouth for pain. Five minutes later he vomits. What should the nurse do first?
- A. Call the physician
- B. Remedicate the patient
- C. Observe the emesis
- D. Explain to the patient that she can do nothing to help him
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Observing the emesis checks for medication remnants, guiding next steps.
What nursing action is appropriate when obtaining a sterile urine specimen from an indwelling catheter to prevent infection?
- A. Use sterile gloves when obtaining urine.
- B. Open the drainage bag and pour out the urine.
- C. Disconnect the catheter from the tubing and get urine.
- D. Aspirate urine from the tubing port using a sterile syringe.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Aspirating urine from the tubing port with a sterile syringe is the appropriate action for obtaining a sterile urine specimen from an indwelling catheter. This maintains the closed system's integrity, minimizing infection risk by avoiding exposure to external contaminants. The port is designed for sterile sampling, ensuring the specimen reflects bladder contents accurately for testing. Using sterile gloves aids asepsis but isn't the complete action; it supports the procedure, not defines it. Opening the drainage bag introduces bacteria, risking contamination and infection. Disconnecting the catheter breaks the sterile circuit, increasing urinary tract infection likelihood contrary to best practice. Aspiration via the port, paired with aseptic technique, upholds infection control standards, ensuring patient safety and reliable diagnostic results, making it the optimal nursing action.
Which standards are monitored by the Quality and Safety Education for Nurses (QSEN)?
- A. Evidence-based practice
- B. Client-centered care
- C. Informatics
- D. Nursing certification
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The Quality and Safety Education for Nurses (QSEN) initiative defines key competencies to ensure nurses deliver safe, high-quality care, addressing modern healthcare demands. Evidence-based practice integrates the best research with clinical expertise, guiding decisions for effective outcomes. Client-centered care prioritizes individual needs and preferences, balancing advocacy with safety. Informatics leverages technology for accurate documentation and care evaluation, enhancing efficiency. Quality improvement drives ongoing assessment and refinement of practices, while teamwork and collaboration ensure coordinated care delivery. Safety minimizes risks, a core QSEN focus. Nursing certification, though valuable, isn't a QSEN competency, as it's an individual credential, not a universal standard. These standards collectively equip nurses to improve care quality and safety across settings, reflecting a comprehensive approach to professional development and patient well-being.