Nokea
The dermatome supplying the great toe is usually
- A. L3
- B. L4
- C. L5
- D. S1
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The L5 dermatome supplies the great toe and the dorsum of the foot. This is important in diagnosing lumbar nerve root compression.
You may also like to solve these questions
Which is the smallest cranial nerve?
- A. olfactory nerve (I)
- B. occulomotor nerve (III)
- C. trochlear nerve (IV)
- D. abducent nerve (VI)
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The trochlear nerve (IV) is the smallest cranial nerve. It innervates the superior oblique muscle, which helps control eye movement.
Acetylcholine and norepinephrine act because of their affect on receptors at the ________ membrane.
- A. axonal
- B. cell body
- C. presynaptic
- D. postsynaptic
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Acetylcholine and norepinephrine exert their effects by binding to receptors on the postsynaptic membrane of neurons. When these neurotransmitters bind to their receptors, they trigger changes in the postsynaptic neuron's membrane potential, either exciting or inhibiting the neuron. This interaction is essential for transmitting signals across synapses and enabling communication within the nervous system.
A 63-year-old patient taking carbidopa/levodopa 25/100 mg four times a day for PD is experiencing end-of-dose wearing off. The best recommendation is to:
- A. Add tolcapone.
- B. Add entacapone.
- C. Consider deep-brain stimulation (DBS).
- D. Change carbidopa/levodopa to three times a day.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Entacapone, like tolcapone, is a COMT inhibitor that can help manage wearing-off symptoms by extending the duration of levodopa's effect.
Which of the following statements is true of dementia?
- A. It is a progressive neurological disease that affects the motor neurons of the nervous system.
- B. It is the general term for conditions that involve loss of memory and impaired cognition.
- C. It is an autoimmune neuromuscular disease that affects the skeletal muscles.
- D. It is the general term used to describe a cluster of symptoms including bradykinesia with rigidity or tremor.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Dementia is an umbrella term for a group of conditions characterized by a decline in cognitive function, including memory loss, impaired reasoning, and changes in behavior. Alzheimer's disease is the most common form of dementia, but other types include vascular dementia and Lewy body dementia.
The nurse is checking the deep tendon reflexes of a patient who has compression of the fifth and sixth cervical nerves on the right. Which deep tendon reflex is diminishes?
- A. Right biceps reflex
- B. Left brachioradialis reflex
- C. Right triceps reflex
- D. Left patellar reflex
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Compression of the C5 and C6 nerve roots affects the biceps reflex. The brachioradialis, triceps, and patellar reflexes are controlled by different nerve roots (C6, C7, and L2-L4, respectively). A diminished biceps reflex indicates a lesion at C5-C6.