Review System for Neurological Questions

Review System for Neurological Questions Related

Review Review System for Neurological Questions related questions and content

The diagnostic manual used by clinicians called DSM-IV-TR identifies two broader diagnostic syndromes into which many neurological disorders fall. Dementia is one which is characterised by which of the following:

  • A. The impairment of basic cognitive functions.
  • B. The impairment of physical abilities.
  • C. The impairment of memory.
  • D. All of the above.
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Dementia is a neurological syndrome characterized by the progressive decline of cognitive functions, including memory, reasoning, and the ability to perform daily activities. It is often accompanied by changes in mood, behavior, and personality. Dementia can result from various causes, such as Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, or traumatic brain injury, and it significantly impacts an individual's quality of life and independence.

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When the patient has a rapidly growing brain tumor, what slows expansion of cerebral brain tissue into the adjacent hemisphere?

  • A. Ventricles
  • B. Falx cerebri
  • C. Arachnoid layer
  • D. Tentorium cerebella
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The falx cerebri limits the expansion of brain tissue into adjacent hemispheres.

Which of the following is an enzyme that breaks down a neurotransmitter?

  • A. acetylcholine
  • B. serotonin
  • C. dopamine
  • D. acetylcholinesterase
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Acetylcholinesterase is an enzyme that breaks down the neurotransmitter acetylcholine in the synaptic cleft. This breakdown is essential for terminating the signal and preventing continuous stimulation of the postsynaptic neuron. Acetylcholinesterase ensures that acetylcholine's effects are short-lived and precisely regulated, allowing for controlled neural communication. Dysfunction of this enzyme can lead to neurological disorders.

Treatment of the patient with antidepressants will most likely do what?

  • A. Improve cognitive function
  • B. Not alter the course of either condition
  • C. Cause interactions with the drugs used to treat the dementia
  • D. Be contraindicated because of the central nervous system (CNS)€“depressant effect of antidepressants
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Antidepressants do not alter the progression of dementia

A dermatome is

  • A. ?
  • B. separated from a discontinuous dermatome by an axial line
  • C. ?
  • D. ?
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Dermatomes are regions of skin supplied by sensory fibers from a single spinal nerve. Axial lines separate dermatomes that are supplied by discontinuous spinal nerves.

The nurse is assisting as a neurosurgeon examines a patient who has a positive Babinski reflex. What assessment finding should the nurse expect to observe?

  • A. The leg flexes when the patellar tendon is struck.
  • B. The leg extends when the patellar tendon is struck.
  • C. The big toe extends when the sole of the foot is stroked.
  • D. Toes curl downward when the sole of the foot is stroked.
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: A positive Babinski reflex, indicative of neurological dysfunction, involves extension of the big toe and fanning of the other toes when the sole of the foot is stroked. Flexion or extension of the leg is associated with other reflexes. Recognizing a positive Babinski reflex is important for assessing upper motor neuron lesions.

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