Nokea
The elimination of following drugs is dose dependant except
- A. Phenytoin
- B. Salicylate
- C. Theophylline
- D. Chlorpromazine
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Chlorpromazine follows first-order kinetics; others exhibit dose-dependent (zero-order) elimination.
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A 7-year-old male fell off a wood pile while playing. He has been admitted to the ICU with multiple broken bones and internal bleeding. What should the nurse know about drug therapy in this type of patient?
- A. Adverse effects may be decreased
- B. Therapeutic effects may be increased
- C. Pharmacodynamics may be altered
- D. Pharmacokinetics remain the same
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Trauma alters pharmacodynamics (drug effects) due to physiological stress and injury responses.
When involved in phase III drug evaluation studies, what responsibilities would the nurse have?
- A. Working with animals who are given experimental drugs
- B. Choosing appropriate patients to be involved in the drug study
- C. Monitoring and observing patients closely for adverse effects
- D. Conducting research to determine effectiveness of the drug
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Phase III studies involve use of a drug in a vast clinical population in which patients are asked to record any symptoms they experience while taking the drugs. Nurses may be responsible for helping collect and analyze the information to be shared with the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) but would not conduct research independently because nurses do not prescribe medications. Use of animals in drug testing is done in the preclinical trials. Select patients who are involved in phase II studies to participate in studies where the participants have the disease the drug is intended to treat. These patients are monitored closely for drug action and adverse effects. Phase I studies involve healthy human volunteers who are usually paid for their participation. Nurses may observe for adverse effects and toxicity.
Nicotine gum products are:
- A. Chewed to release the nicotine and then swallowed for a systemic effect
- B. Parked' in the buccal area of the mouth to produce a constant amount of nicotine release
- C. Bound to exchange resins so the nicotine is only released during chewing
- D. Approximately the same in nicotine content as smoking two cigarettes
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Nicotine gum is parked buccally for steady release.
Patients with allergic rhinitis may benefit from a prescription of:
- A. Fluticasone (Flonase)
- B. Cetirizine (Zyrtec)
- C. OTC cromolyn nasal spray (Nasalcrom)
- D. Any of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: All options "fluticasone (steroid), cetirizine (antihistamine), and cromolyn (mast cell stabilizer)"effectively treat allergic rhinitis symptoms.
Which of the following causes rise in systolic as well as diastolic BP for prolonged period:
- A. Ephedrine
- B. Epinephrine
- C. Dopamine
- D. Norepinephrine
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Norepinephrine increases both systolic and diastolic BP with prolonged effect.