Nokea
The enzyme producing carbon monoxide within the human body is
- A. Aminolevulinic acid synthase
- B. Heme oxygenase
- C. Cyclo-oxygense
- D. Nitric oxide synthase
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Heme oxygenase is responsible for the production of carbon monoxide during the breakdown of heme.
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Of the following, the cyanotic cardiac lesion with decreased pulmonary blood flow is
- A. transposition of the great vessels
- B. single ventricle
- C. truncus arteriosus
- D. tricuspid atresia
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Tricuspid atresia results in decreased pulmonary blood flow due to lack of right ventricular input.
Corneal opacities are seen in:
- A. Marfan's syndrome
- B. Herpes simplex infection
- C. Hurler syndrome
- D. Osteogenesis imperfecta
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Corneal opacities are a characteristic feature of Hurler syndrome, a type of mucopolysaccharidosis.
All of the following are true about a small VSD EXCEPT
- A. spontaneous closure is more common in muscular vs. membranous defects
- B. closure usually occurs in the first 2 years of life
- C. there is no risk of endocarditis
- D. pulmonary pressures are normal
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Even small VSDs carry a risk of endocarditis until they close.
The mother of Gian, a preschooler with spina bifida tells the nurse that her daughter sneezes and gets a rash when playing with brightly colored balloons, and that she recently had an allergic reaction after eating kiwifruit and bananas. The nurse would suspect that the child may have an allergy to:
- A. Bananas
- B. Latex
- C. Kiwifruit
- D. Color dyes
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Latex allergy is common in children with spina bifida and can cause cross-reactivity with certain fruits like bananas and kiwifruit.
Which physiological changes occur as a result of hypoxemia in congestive heart failure (CHF)?
- A. Polycythemia and clubbing
- B. Anemia and barrel chest
- C. Increased white blood cells and low platelets
- D. Elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate and peripheral edema
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Hypoxemia stimulates erythropoiesis, causing polycythemia, which along with chronic hypoxemia can lead to digital clubbing.