Nokea
The following are causes of cyanosis in the presence of 60% oxygen:
- A. Haemoglobin concentration < 5 g%
- B. Methaemoglobinaemia
- C. Thalassaemia
- D. Right to left shunt
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A right-to-left shunt can cause cyanosis even in the presence of high oxygen levels. Methaemoglobinaemia and severe anemia (Hb < 5 g%) can also cause cyanosis.
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Three days after a female client with multiple sclerosis (MS) is admitted to the hospital with a severe urinary tract infection, she reports experiencing double vision. Which intervention should the nurse implement?
- A. Patch one eye and then the other every few hours
- B. Encourage bedrest until the diplopia is resolved
- C. Instruct the client to limit intake of oral fluids
- D. Administer artificial tear drops to both eyes
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Patching each eye helps alleviate double vision caused by MS-related vision impairment.
In urgent situations of supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) when symptoms of severe heart failure have already occurred, the initial management is
- A. adenosine by rapid intravenous push
- B. DC cardioversion
- C. verapamil
- D. digoxin
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: DC cardioversion is the preferred initial management in hemodynamically unstable SVT.
Acute laryngotracheobronchitis in children:
- A. Needs to be treated by broad-spectrum antibiotics
- B. Humidified oxygen by tent needs to be administered in infancy
- C. Dexamethasone is known to shorten the duration of illness
- D. Adrenaline by nebuliser is absolutely contraindicated
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Dexamethasone, a corticosteroid, is known to reduce inflammation and shorten the duration of illness in acute laryngotracheobronchitis (croup).
Rett syndrome is characterised by:
- A. Social withdrawal
- B. Self-mutilation
- C. Macrocephaly
- D. Wringing hand movements
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Wringing hand movements are a hallmark feature of Rett syndrome, a neurodevelopmental disorder primarily affecting females.
A client tells the nurse that her biopsy results indicate that the cancer cells are well-differentiated. How should the nurse respond?
- A. Ask the client if the healthcare provider has given her any information about the classification of her cancer
- B. Tell the client that well-differentiated cancer cells usually have a poor prognosis.
- C. Reassure the client that the cancer is not serious.
- D. Encourage the client to seek a second opinion for confirmation of the diagnosis.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Well-differentiated cancer cells typically indicate a slower-growing tumor. Clarifying the client's understanding ensures accurate communication and emotional support.