Nokea
The family of an older adult client is concerned about the client's lack of appetite. The nurse counsels the family initially, recalling that:
- A. The client should be evaluated by the primary care provider
- B. The client is depressed and needs antidepressant medication
- C. Loss of appetite is often associated with substance abuse
- D. Loss of taste buds is a common finding in the elderly
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Age-related loss of taste buds can reduce appetite in older adults.
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Exocrine portion of pancreas show the following EXCEPT:
- A. Formed of pure serous acini with centroacinar cells
- B. Its duct system is rich in striated ducts
- C. Secretion of bicarbonate is stimulated by secretin hormone.
- D. Secretion of enzymes is stimulated by cholecystokinin
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The pancreatic duct system has intercalated ducts, not striated ducts, which are characteristic of salivary glands.
Match each term with the correct description: produces enzymes
- A. rectum
- B. esophagus
- C. pancreas
- D. liver
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The pancreas produces digestive enzymes that aid in breaking down food.
What happens during the gastric phase of digestion?
- A. Food is ingested
- B. Stomach mixes food with gastric juice to form chyme
- C. Nutrients are absorbed in the intestine
- D. Bile emulsifies fats
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The gastric phase involves the stomach churning food with gastric secretions (e.g., HCl, pepsin) to form chyme.
A digestive enzyme, salivary amylase, in the saliva begin digestion of-
- A. Carbohydrates
- B. Protein
- C. Fats
- D. Nucleic acids
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Salivary amylase (ptyalin) in saliva begins the digestion of carbohydrates by breaking down starches into simpler sugars like maltose.
An important function of the intestinal villi is to:
- A. increase the surface area for absorption of nutrients
- B. move chyme along the alimentary canal
- C. form a protective covering for the alimentary canal
- D. synthesise amino acids
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Intestinal villi are finger-like projections that vastly increase the surface area of the small intestine for nutrient absorption.