Nokea
The fetal heartbeat should be visible on ultrasound by the:
- A. Fourth week following the last menstrual period.
- B. Sixth week following the last menstrual period.
- C. Ninth week following the last menstrual period.
- D. Twelfth week following the last menstrual period.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The fetal heartbeat is typically visible on ultrasound by the sixth week of gestation.
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What is the point after which an ovum is fertilized and becomes impenetrable to any other sperm?
- A. The zona reaction
- B. Gametogenesis
- C. The zona pellucida
- D. Cleavage
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: The zona reaction. After fertilization, the zona pellucida undergoes a biochemical change called the zona reaction, which makes the ovum impenetrable to any other sperm. This process prevents polyspermy and ensures that only one sperm can fertilize the egg. Gametogenesis refers to the production of gametes, not the post-fertilization event. The zona pellucida is the glycoprotein layer around the ovum, and cleavage is the rapid mitotic cell division that follows fertilization, but neither of these directly relate to the ovum becoming impenetrable to other sperm.
A female patient with a history of infertility is scheduled to have a hysterosalpingogram. Which findings can be detected with this procedure? Select all that apply.
- A. Tubal occlusions
- B. Uterine fibroids
- C. Cervical irritation
- D. Bicornate uterus
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Tubal occlusions. Hysterosalpingogram is a diagnostic imaging procedure used to evaluate the uterus and fallopian tubes. It can detect tubal occlusions by visualizing the flow of contrast dye through the fallopian tubes. Choice B, uterine fibroids, is incorrect as hysterosalpingogram does not specifically assess uterine fibroids. Choice C, cervical irritation, is also incorrect as this procedure focuses on the uterus and fallopian tubes, not the cervix. Choice D, bicornuate uterus, is incorrect as hysterosalpingogram primarily evaluates tubal patency and uterine cavity shape, not specific uterine anomalies like a bicornuate uterus.
The nurse is assessing a newborn immediately after birth. After assigning the first Apgar score
of 9, the nurse notes two vessels in the umbilical cord. What is the nurse’s next action?
- A. Assess for other abnormalities of the infant.
- B. Note the assessment finding in the infant’s chart.
- C. Notify the health care provider of the assessment finding.
- D. Call for the neonatal resuscitation team to attend the infant immediately.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A. The nurse should assess for other abnormalities of the infant because the presence of two vessels in the umbilical cord (a condition known as a two-vessel cord) may be associated with other congenital anomalies. By assessing for other abnormalities, the nurse can identify any potential issues that may require immediate intervention or further evaluation. This proactive approach ensures the newborn's well-being and allows for timely management of any additional concerns.
Summary of other choices:
B: Noting the finding in the chart is important but does not address the immediate need to assess for other abnormalities.
C: Notifying the health care provider is important, but assessing for other abnormalities should be the nurse's initial priority.
D: Calling for the neonatal resuscitation team is not necessary based solely on the presence of a two-vessel cord; further assessment is needed before determining the need for resuscitation.
The nurse is providing care to a pregnant person at 32 weeks’ gestation. The nurse expects to observe what change in the pregnant person’s spine?
- A. sclerosis
- B. scoliosis
- C. kyphosis
- D. lordosis
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: lordosis. At 32 weeks' gestation, the pregnant person's center of gravity shifts forward, causing an increased lumbar lordosis to compensate. This change helps maintain balance and support the growing uterus. Sclerosis (choice A) refers to hardening of tissues, not a typical change in the spine during pregnancy. Scoliosis (choice B) is a lateral curvature of the spine, not typically related to pregnancy. Kyphosis (choice C) is an exaggerated outward curve in the upper spine, not a common change in pregnancy.
What initiates the shedding of the endometrial lining in a nonpregnant woman?
- A. None
- B. A drop in estrogen and progesterone.
- C. None
- D. None
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Decreased levels of these hormones cause menstruation.