Nokea
The following are associated with an increased risk of fetal abnormalities:
- A. Oligohydramnios
- B. A previous sibling with anencephaly
- C. Paternal diabetes
- D. Decreased a-fetoprotein level
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A previous sibling with anencephaly increases the risk of fetal abnormalities, particularly neural tube defects, in subsequent pregnancies.
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What does the nurse need to assess first when caring for a child with a suspected myocardial infarction?
- A. Blood pressure and heart rate
- B. Chest pain and anxiety levels
- C. Oxygen saturation and respiratory rate
- D. Electrocardiogram and heart sounds
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The first priority in a suspected myocardial infarction is to assess the heart's electrical activity using an electrocardiogram and listen to heart sounds for any abnormality such as murmurs.
When explaining dietary guidelines to a client with acute glomerulonephritis (AGN), which instruction should the nurse include in the dietary teaching?
- A. Restrict sodium intake
- B. Encourage high-protein foods.
- C. Increase potassium intake.
- D. Decrease fluid intake.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Sodium restriction helps manage fluid retention and hypertension, which are common in AGN.
Regarding malaria:
- A. Plasmodium ovale has an exoerythrocytic cycle
- B. Plasmodium malariae does not occur after 5 years of primary illness
- C. Chloroquine is useful for prophylaxis of falciparum malaria in all areas of the world
- D. Primaquine is used to eradicate falciparum malaria
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Plasmodium ovale has both an exoerythrocytic (liver) and erythrocytic (blood) cycle, which is a characteristic of this species of malaria parasite.
Emergency management of acute asthma includes:
- A. Arterial blood gas
- B. Nebulised steroids
- C. Intravenous theophylline
- D. Nebulised ~-antagonists
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Nebulised beta-antagonists are a key part of the emergency management of acute asthma. Arterial blood gas, nebulised steroids, and intravenous theophylline are also used but are not the first line.
In which congenital heart defect (CHD) would the nurse need to take upper and lower extremity BPs?
- A. Transposition of the great vessels
- B. Aortic stenosis (AS)
- C. Coarctation of the aorta (COA)
- D. Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF)
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: COA causes increased blood pressure and strong pulses in the upper extremities with lower-than-expected BP and weak pulses in the lower extremities.